Patho Study guide for Exam 3 UCF Updated 2024/2025 Actual Questions and answers with complete solutions

Acidity - high concentration of hydrogen ion Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - -Males>Females (2:1) -Prevalence 5:100,000 -Degenerative disease of nervous system --involves upper and lower motor neurons -Progressive muscle weakness and wasting --Muscles innervated form spinal and cranial nerves affected --eventually profound weakness of respiratory muscles and death Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) for someone who has ARDS - -Hypoxia -Acidosis -Hypercapnia (increase in CO2) Atelectatic Disorders - -Incomplete expansion -is strictly an anatomic/physiologic concept, NOT a disease, but seen in many disease states Basicity - low concentration of hydrogen ion Bronchodilatation stimulation - -Parasympathetic stimulation (mediated by acetylcholine) via the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) leads to constriction of muscle - Sympathetic stimulation (mediated by B2 adrenergic receptors); leads to relaxation of the smooth muscle Bullae - "Peripheral blebs" are hallmarks of chronic obstructive lung disease, COPDCauses of hypoventilation - - Morphine - Barbiturates - Obesity - Myasthenia gravis - Obstructive sleep apnea - Chest wall damage - Paralysis of respiratory muscles - Surgery of the thorax or abdomen