Townsend Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Ch 14 Substance-Related & Addictive Disorders Exam Question With Verified Answers

Townsend Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Ch 14 Substance-Related & Addictive Disorders Exam Question With Verified Answers Define addiction - answerA compulsive or chronic requirement. The need is so strong as to generate distress (either physical or psychological) if left unfulfilled Define intoxication - answerA physical and mental state of exhilaration and emotional frenzy or lethargy and stupor Define withdrawal - answerThe physiological and mental readjustment that accompanies the discontinuation of an addictive substance List classes of psychoactive substances that are associated with substance use and substance- induced disorders: - answerAlcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives/hypnotics/anxiolytics, stimulants, tobacco An individual who grew up in a home where alcohol was consumed regularly is now using alcohol to relieve stress on a day to day basis. What stage of alcoholism is she in? - answerPhase 1: The prealcoholic phase. pg 369 What stage of alcoholism is an individual in when they are experiencing physiological addiction and are unable to choose whether or not to drink? - answerPhase III: The Crucial Phase Binge drinking is common. Drinking is the total focus. Anger and aggression are common manifestations. Individual may experience: loss of job, marriage, family, friends, self-respect. Pg. 370 Describe events associated with phase II of alcoholism:The Early Alcoholic Phase - answerBlackouts. Drinking is no longer pleasurable but required. Secret drinking begins. Preoccupation with drinking, maintaining the supply of alcohol, rapid gulping of drinks, and further blackouts. Individual experiences guilt and is defensive. Excessive use of denial and rationalization is evident. What are characteristics of Phase IV: The Chronic Phase of alcoholism? - answerEmotional and physical disintegration. Intoxicated more than they are sober. Profound helplessness and self-pity are evident. Impairment in reality testing may result in psychosis. Life threatening physical manifestations may be evident in every part of the body. Abstention results in: hallucinations, tremors, convulsions, severe agitation, and panic. Depression and thoughts of suicide are common. What nutritional deficiency is thought to be linked to both peripheral neuropathy and alcoholic myopathy? A. Magnesium B. Thiamine C. Calcium D. Potassium - answerB. B vitamins, especially thiamine, are strongly suspected to cause both peripheral neuropathy, nerve damage that causes pain, burning, tingling and prickly sensation of the extremeties, and alcoholic myopathy (acute condition: sudden onset of muscle pain, swelling, weakness, reddish tinged urine from myoglobin, and a rapid rise of muscle enzymes in the blood. Symptoms of acute alcoholic myopathy include (select all that apply): A. Elevations of CPK B. Red-tinged urine C. parasthesias D. Calf swelling - answerA, B, D. In acute alcoholic myopathy creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aldolase, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are elevated. Urine is red-tinged from myoglobin, a product of muscle breakdown. Parasthesias are characteristic of peripheral neuropathy, not myopathy. Calf swelling, as well as swelling of other muscle groups is also a sign. A very serious form of thiamine deficiency in alcoholics can cause: - answerWernicke's encephalopathy. S/S: paralysis of the ocular muscles, diplopia, ataxia, somnolence, and stupor. Death will result without replacement of thiamine. What condition may follow Wernicke's encephalopathy? - answerKorsakoff's psychosis: a syndrome of confusion, loss of recent memory, and confabulation (making up stories to compensate for memory loss). It is frequently encountered with pts recovering from Wernicke's encephalopathy. S/S of alcoholic hepatitis - answerEnlarged liver and tender liver, nausea and vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, elevated white blood cell count, fever, and jaundice. Ascites and weight loss may be evident in more severe cases. S/S of Cirrhosis of the liver - answerWidespread destruction of liver cells which are replaced by fibrous tissue. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss, abd. pain, jaundice, edema, anemia, and blood coagulation abnormalities.