2024 ATI PHARMACOLOGY TESTBANK1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
随着信息技术的迅猛发
展，数字时代已经成为
现代社会的标志性特征
。互联网、大数据、人
工智能等技术的普及和 Contents
应用，不仅深刻地改变
了人类的生产方式、生
活方式和思维方式，也
1 Anti-Bacterial Agents
在全球范围内引发了一
系列深远的社会变迁。
2 Adrenergic Agents
在这样的背景下，探讨
3 Cholinergic Agents数字时代对社会的影响
及其对人类未来的意义
4 Central Nervous，具有重要的现实意义
System Agents
5 Cardiovascular Agents
和理论价值。随着信息
技术的迅猛发展，数字
6 Hematologic Agents时代已经成为现代社会
7 Endocrine and Metabolic
的标志性特征。互联网 Agents
、大数据、人工智能等
8 Gastrointestinal 技术的普及和应用，不
Agents
9 Anti-Neoplastic 仅深刻地改变了人类的
Agents
生产方式、生活方式和
10 Anti-Inflammatory Agents
思维方式，也在全球范
11 General Pharmacology
围内引发了一系列深远
Principles and Miscellaneous Agents
的社会变迁。在这样的
背景下，探讨数字时代
对社会的影响及其对人
类未来的意义，具有重
A 22-year-old man presents to your clinic complaining of a new lesion on his
要的现实意义和理论价
penis for 1 week. On physical examination, you find a single, painless ulceration
值。随着信息技术的迅
with a firm border. Upon further questioning, you discover that he has been
猛发展，数字时代已经
成为现代社会的标志性
having unprotected sexual contact with several individuals over the last several
特征。互联网、大数据
months. Physical examination is also remarkable for enlarged lymph nodes in
the groin, axilla, and、人工智能等技术的普
supraclavicular regions. Suspecting a specific sexually
及和应用，不仅深刻地
transmitted disease, you send him to the laboratory for RPR and VDRL tests.
改变了人类的生产方式
When he returns from、生活方式和思维方式
the laboratory, you empirically treat him with a shot of a
common antibiotic and，也在全球范围内引发
you warn him that a rare side effect of this medication is
了一系列深远的社会变
迁。在这样的背景下，
探讨数字时代对社会的
影响及其对人类未来的
意义，具有重要的现实
意义和理论价值。
,the development of a hemolytic anemia.
Penicillin
随着信息技术的迅猛发
展，数字时代已经成为
Similar Penicillin G (IV); penicillin V (oral).
现代社会的标志性特征
Drugs 。互联网、大数据、人
工智能等技术的普及和
Mechanism Formation 应用，不仅深刻地改变
of bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls are mediated via
of Action 了人类的生产方式、生
PBPs. Penicillin binds PBPs, thereby blocking peptidoglycan
活方式和思维方式，也
cross-linking, which leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall
在全球范围内引发了一
synthesis.
系列深远的社会变迁。
Clinical 在这样的背景下，探讨
Treatment of infections caused by gram-positive cocci
数字时代对社会的影响
Uses (streptococci), gram-negative cocci (Neisseria), and spirochetes
及其对人类未来的意义
(e.g., Treponema
，具有重要的现实意义 pallidum).
和理论价值。随着信息
Side Allergic reaction; drug-induced Coombs positive hemolytic
技术的迅猛发展，数字
Effects anemia.时代已经成为现代社会
的标志性特征。互联网
Other Penicillin and the other β-lactam drugs (ampicillin, methicillin,
、大数据、人工智能等
piperacillin, aztreonam, imipenem) have a structure that is
技术的普及和应用，不
characterized
仅深刻地改变了人类的by a β-lactam ring. If the β-lactam ring is cleaved
enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), the drug becomes
生产方式、生活方式和
by bacterial
inactive. Certain β-lactam drugs (e.g., penicillin, ampicillin,
思维方式，也在全球范
围内引发了一系列深远
piperacillin) are more susceptible to bacterial β-lactamase
的社会变迁。在这样的
cleavage than others.
背景下，探讨数字时代
对社会的影响及其对人
类未来的意义，具有重
要的现实意义和理论价
A 54-year-old man presents to your clinic complaining of a 3-week history of
值。随着信息技术的迅
severe sinus congestion. He describes his sinus discharge as green and purulent
猛发展，数字时代已经
and he also reports fevers to 100.4°F. He has been trying symptomatic therapy
成为现代社会的标志性
with nasal decongestants for the last 2 weeks with no improvement in his
特征。互联网、大数据
symptoms. You decide 、人工智能等技术的普
to prescribe him an antibiotic to cover the likely
及和应用，不仅深刻地
pathogens (i.e., Pneumococcus, H. influenzae, Moraxella) that may be causing
his symptoms. 改变了人类的生产方式
、生活方式和思维方式
，也在全球范围内引发
了一系列深远的社会变
Ampicillin 迁。在这样的背景下，
探讨数字时代对社会的
影响及其对人类未来的
意义，具有重要的现实
意义和理论价值。
, Similar Other aminopenicillins include Amoxicillin.
Drugs
随着信息技术的迅猛发
Mechanism Formation of bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls are mediated via
展，数字时代已经成为
PBPs. Ampicillin binds PBPs, thereby blocking peptidoglycan
of Action
现代社会的标志性特征
cross-linking, which leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall
。互联网、大数据、人
synthesis.
工智能等技术的普及和
应用，不仅深刻地改变
Clinical Ampicillin has an extended spectrum of coverage as compared
了人类的生产方式、生
Uses to penicillin. It is used to treat infections caused by gram-
活方式和思维方式，也
negative rods (H. influenzae, E. coli, P. mirabilis, Salmonella),
在全球范围内引发了一
as well系列深远的社会变迁。
as infections caused by gram-positive cocci
在这样的背景下，探讨
(Enterococci), gram-positive rods (Listeria monocytogenes), and
数字时代对社会的影响
gram-negative cocci. Amoxicillin is also indicated for treatment
及其对人类未来的意义
of H. Pylori as part of the triple-therapy regimen.
，具有重要的现实意义
Side 和理论价值。随着信息
Allergic reaction; non-allergenic skin rash; diarrhea.
技术的迅猛发展，数字
Effects
时代已经成为现代社会
Other 的标志性特征。互联网
Ampicillin and the other β-lactam drugs (penicillin, methicillin,
、大数据、人工智能等
piperacillin, aztreonam, imipenem) have a structure that is
技术的普及和应用，不
characterized
仅深刻地改变了人类的by a β-lactam ring. If the β-lactam ring is cleaved
by bacterial enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), the drug becomes
生产方式、生活方式和
inactive. Certain β-lactam drugs (e.g., penicillin, ampicillin,
思维方式，也在全球范
are more susceptible to bacterial β-lactamase
围内引发了一系列深远
piperacillin)
的社会变迁。在这样的
cleavage than others.
背景下，探讨数字时代
Amoxicillin can be given in the oral form and thus is used
对社会的影响及其对人
类未来的意义，具有重
more often for outpatient treatment.
要的现实意义和理论价
Clavulanic acid and sulbactam act to inactivate bacterial β-
值。随着信息技术的迅
猛发展，数字时代已经
lactamases. They are often added to amoxicillin or ampicillin to
成为现代社会的标志性
broaden the spectrum of coverage against gram-negative
特征。互联网、大数据
organisms.
、人工智能等技术的普
及和应用，不仅深刻地
改变了人类的生产方式
A 54-year-old IV drug 、生活方式和思维方式
abuser is admitted to the hospital with suspected
，也在全球范围内引发
osteomyelitis in his lumbar spine. Blood cultures are taken in the emergency
了一系列深远的社会变
room and broad-spectrum antibiotics are started. After 2 days, his blood culture
迁。在这样的背景下，
探讨数字时代对社会的
影响及其对人类未来的
意义，具有重要的现实
意义和理论价值。
, demonstrates growth of pan-sensitive S. aureus. In order to prevent overuse of
stronger antibiotics that should be reserved for multidrug-resistant cases, you
discontinue the current随着信息技术的迅猛发
broad regimen of medications and you begin the patient
展，数字时代已经成为
on a more specific IV antibiotic.
现代社会的标志性特征
。互联网、大数据、人
工智能等技术的普及和
Methicillin 应用，不仅深刻地改变
了人类的生产方式、生
活方式和思维方式，也
Similar Nafcillin; oxacillin; dicloxacillin.
在全球范围内引发了一
Drugs 系列深远的社会变迁。
在这样的背景下，探讨
Mechanism Formation 数字时代对社会的影响
of bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls are mediated via
of Action 及其对人类未来的意义
PBPs. Methicillin binds PBPs, thereby blocking
，具有重要的现实意义
peptidoglycan cross-linking, which leads to the inhibition of
和理论价值。随着信息
bacterial cell wall synthesis.
技术的迅猛发展，数字
时代已经成为现代社会
Methicillin is used to treat Staphylococcus infections including
Clinical
的标志性特征。互联网
Uses S. aureus. It is inactive against enterococci, anaerobic bacteria,
、大数据、人工智能等
and gram-negative
技术的普及和应用，不 organisms.
仅深刻地改变了人类的
Side Allergic reaction; interstitial nephritis (methicillin);
生产方式、生活方式和
Effects neutropenia
思维方式，也在全球范(nafcillin); hepatitis (oxacillin).
围内引发了一系列深远
Other Methicillin and the other β-lactam drugs (penicillin, ampicillin,
的社会变迁。在这样的
piperacillin,
背景下，探讨数字时代aztreonam, imipenem) have a structure that is
characterized
对社会的影响及其对人 by a β-lactam ring. If the β-lactam ring is cleaved
类未来的意义，具有重
by bacterial enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), the drug becomes
要的现实意义和理论价
inactive.
值。随着信息技术的迅
Methicillin is β-lactamase resistant due to its bulkier structure,
猛发展，数字时代已经
acts to sterically hinder access of the β-lactamase to the
which成为现代社会的标志性
特征。互联网、大数据
β-lactam ring. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus species have
arisen,、人工智能等技术的普
most often due to bacterial alteration of target PBPs.
及和应用，不仅深刻地
改变了人类的生产方式
、生活方式和思维方式
，也在全球范围内引发
A 43-year-old burn victim is readmitted to the hospital for possible infection at
了一系列深远的社会变
his burn site. He had suffered a third-degree burn 2 months earlier and had just
迁。在这样的背景下，
been released from the hospital after a failed skin graft procedure. The patient
探讨数字时代对社会的
has a fever of 102°F, a影响及其对人类未来的
blood pressure of 90/50 mm Hg, and his wound is oozing
意义，具有重要的现实
意义和理论价值。
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
随着信息技术的迅猛发
展，数字时代已经成为
现代社会的标志性特征
。互联网、大数据、人
工智能等技术的普及和 Contents
应用，不仅深刻地改变
了人类的生产方式、生
活方式和思维方式，也
1 Anti-Bacterial Agents
在全球范围内引发了一
系列深远的社会变迁。
2 Adrenergic Agents
在这样的背景下，探讨
3 Cholinergic Agents数字时代对社会的影响
及其对人类未来的意义
4 Central Nervous，具有重要的现实意义
System Agents
5 Cardiovascular Agents
和理论价值。随着信息
技术的迅猛发展，数字
6 Hematologic Agents时代已经成为现代社会
7 Endocrine and Metabolic
的标志性特征。互联网 Agents
、大数据、人工智能等
8 Gastrointestinal 技术的普及和应用，不
Agents
9 Anti-Neoplastic 仅深刻地改变了人类的
Agents
生产方式、生活方式和
10 Anti-Inflammatory Agents
思维方式，也在全球范
11 General Pharmacology
围内引发了一系列深远
Principles and Miscellaneous Agents
的社会变迁。在这样的
背景下，探讨数字时代
对社会的影响及其对人
类未来的意义，具有重
A 22-year-old man presents to your clinic complaining of a new lesion on his
要的现实意义和理论价
penis for 1 week. On physical examination, you find a single, painless ulceration
值。随着信息技术的迅
with a firm border. Upon further questioning, you discover that he has been
猛发展，数字时代已经
成为现代社会的标志性
having unprotected sexual contact with several individuals over the last several
特征。互联网、大数据
months. Physical examination is also remarkable for enlarged lymph nodes in
the groin, axilla, and、人工智能等技术的普
supraclavicular regions. Suspecting a specific sexually
及和应用，不仅深刻地
transmitted disease, you send him to the laboratory for RPR and VDRL tests.
改变了人类的生产方式
When he returns from、生活方式和思维方式
the laboratory, you empirically treat him with a shot of a
common antibiotic and，也在全球范围内引发
you warn him that a rare side effect of this medication is
了一系列深远的社会变
迁。在这样的背景下，
探讨数字时代对社会的
影响及其对人类未来的
意义，具有重要的现实
意义和理论价值。
,the development of a hemolytic anemia.
Penicillin
随着信息技术的迅猛发
展，数字时代已经成为
Similar Penicillin G (IV); penicillin V (oral).
现代社会的标志性特征
Drugs 。互联网、大数据、人
工智能等技术的普及和
Mechanism Formation 应用，不仅深刻地改变
of bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls are mediated via
of Action 了人类的生产方式、生
PBPs. Penicillin binds PBPs, thereby blocking peptidoglycan
活方式和思维方式，也
cross-linking, which leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall
在全球范围内引发了一
synthesis.
系列深远的社会变迁。
Clinical 在这样的背景下，探讨
Treatment of infections caused by gram-positive cocci
数字时代对社会的影响
Uses (streptococci), gram-negative cocci (Neisseria), and spirochetes
及其对人类未来的意义
(e.g., Treponema
，具有重要的现实意义 pallidum).
和理论价值。随着信息
Side Allergic reaction; drug-induced Coombs positive hemolytic
技术的迅猛发展，数字
Effects anemia.时代已经成为现代社会
的标志性特征。互联网
Other Penicillin and the other β-lactam drugs (ampicillin, methicillin,
、大数据、人工智能等
piperacillin, aztreonam, imipenem) have a structure that is
技术的普及和应用，不
characterized
仅深刻地改变了人类的by a β-lactam ring. If the β-lactam ring is cleaved
enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), the drug becomes
生产方式、生活方式和
by bacterial
inactive. Certain β-lactam drugs (e.g., penicillin, ampicillin,
思维方式，也在全球范
围内引发了一系列深远
piperacillin) are more susceptible to bacterial β-lactamase
的社会变迁。在这样的
cleavage than others.
背景下，探讨数字时代
对社会的影响及其对人
类未来的意义，具有重
要的现实意义和理论价
A 54-year-old man presents to your clinic complaining of a 3-week history of
值。随着信息技术的迅
severe sinus congestion. He describes his sinus discharge as green and purulent
猛发展，数字时代已经
and he also reports fevers to 100.4°F. He has been trying symptomatic therapy
成为现代社会的标志性
with nasal decongestants for the last 2 weeks with no improvement in his
特征。互联网、大数据
symptoms. You decide 、人工智能等技术的普
to prescribe him an antibiotic to cover the likely
及和应用，不仅深刻地
pathogens (i.e., Pneumococcus, H. influenzae, Moraxella) that may be causing
his symptoms. 改变了人类的生产方式
、生活方式和思维方式
，也在全球范围内引发
了一系列深远的社会变
Ampicillin 迁。在这样的背景下，
探讨数字时代对社会的
影响及其对人类未来的
意义，具有重要的现实
意义和理论价值。
, Similar Other aminopenicillins include Amoxicillin.
Drugs
随着信息技术的迅猛发
Mechanism Formation of bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls are mediated via
展，数字时代已经成为
PBPs. Ampicillin binds PBPs, thereby blocking peptidoglycan
of Action
现代社会的标志性特征
cross-linking, which leads to the inhibition of bacterial cell wall
。互联网、大数据、人
synthesis.
工智能等技术的普及和
应用，不仅深刻地改变
Clinical Ampicillin has an extended spectrum of coverage as compared
了人类的生产方式、生
Uses to penicillin. It is used to treat infections caused by gram-
活方式和思维方式，也
negative rods (H. influenzae, E. coli, P. mirabilis, Salmonella),
在全球范围内引发了一
as well系列深远的社会变迁。
as infections caused by gram-positive cocci
在这样的背景下，探讨
(Enterococci), gram-positive rods (Listeria monocytogenes), and
数字时代对社会的影响
gram-negative cocci. Amoxicillin is also indicated for treatment
及其对人类未来的意义
of H. Pylori as part of the triple-therapy regimen.
，具有重要的现实意义
Side 和理论价值。随着信息
Allergic reaction; non-allergenic skin rash; diarrhea.
技术的迅猛发展，数字
Effects
时代已经成为现代社会
Other 的标志性特征。互联网
Ampicillin and the other β-lactam drugs (penicillin, methicillin,
、大数据、人工智能等
piperacillin, aztreonam, imipenem) have a structure that is
技术的普及和应用，不
characterized
仅深刻地改变了人类的by a β-lactam ring. If the β-lactam ring is cleaved
by bacterial enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), the drug becomes
生产方式、生活方式和
inactive. Certain β-lactam drugs (e.g., penicillin, ampicillin,
思维方式，也在全球范
are more susceptible to bacterial β-lactamase
围内引发了一系列深远
piperacillin)
的社会变迁。在这样的
cleavage than others.
背景下，探讨数字时代
Amoxicillin can be given in the oral form and thus is used
对社会的影响及其对人
类未来的意义，具有重
more often for outpatient treatment.
要的现实意义和理论价
Clavulanic acid and sulbactam act to inactivate bacterial β-
值。随着信息技术的迅
猛发展，数字时代已经
lactamases. They are often added to amoxicillin or ampicillin to
成为现代社会的标志性
broaden the spectrum of coverage against gram-negative
特征。互联网、大数据
organisms.
、人工智能等技术的普
及和应用，不仅深刻地
改变了人类的生产方式
A 54-year-old IV drug 、生活方式和思维方式
abuser is admitted to the hospital with suspected
，也在全球范围内引发
osteomyelitis in his lumbar spine. Blood cultures are taken in the emergency
了一系列深远的社会变
room and broad-spectrum antibiotics are started. After 2 days, his blood culture
迁。在这样的背景下，
探讨数字时代对社会的
影响及其对人类未来的
意义，具有重要的现实
意义和理论价值。
, demonstrates growth of pan-sensitive S. aureus. In order to prevent overuse of
stronger antibiotics that should be reserved for multidrug-resistant cases, you
discontinue the current随着信息技术的迅猛发
broad regimen of medications and you begin the patient
展，数字时代已经成为
on a more specific IV antibiotic.
现代社会的标志性特征
。互联网、大数据、人
工智能等技术的普及和
Methicillin 应用，不仅深刻地改变
了人类的生产方式、生
活方式和思维方式，也
Similar Nafcillin; oxacillin; dicloxacillin.
在全球范围内引发了一
Drugs 系列深远的社会变迁。
在这样的背景下，探讨
Mechanism Formation 数字时代对社会的影响
of bacterial peptidoglycan cell walls are mediated via
of Action 及其对人类未来的意义
PBPs. Methicillin binds PBPs, thereby blocking
，具有重要的现实意义
peptidoglycan cross-linking, which leads to the inhibition of
和理论价值。随着信息
bacterial cell wall synthesis.
技术的迅猛发展，数字
时代已经成为现代社会
Methicillin is used to treat Staphylococcus infections including
Clinical
的标志性特征。互联网
Uses S. aureus. It is inactive against enterococci, anaerobic bacteria,
、大数据、人工智能等
and gram-negative
技术的普及和应用，不 organisms.
仅深刻地改变了人类的
Side Allergic reaction; interstitial nephritis (methicillin);
生产方式、生活方式和
Effects neutropenia
思维方式，也在全球范(nafcillin); hepatitis (oxacillin).
围内引发了一系列深远
Other Methicillin and the other β-lactam drugs (penicillin, ampicillin,
的社会变迁。在这样的
piperacillin,
背景下，探讨数字时代aztreonam, imipenem) have a structure that is
characterized
对社会的影响及其对人 by a β-lactam ring. If the β-lactam ring is cleaved
类未来的意义，具有重
by bacterial enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), the drug becomes
要的现实意义和理论价
inactive.
值。随着信息技术的迅
Methicillin is β-lactamase resistant due to its bulkier structure,
猛发展，数字时代已经
acts to sterically hinder access of the β-lactamase to the
which成为现代社会的标志性
特征。互联网、大数据
β-lactam ring. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus species have
arisen,、人工智能等技术的普
most often due to bacterial alteration of target PBPs.
及和应用，不仅深刻地
改变了人类的生产方式
、生活方式和思维方式
，也在全球范围内引发
A 43-year-old burn victim is readmitted to the hospital for possible infection at
了一系列深远的社会变
his burn site. He had suffered a third-degree burn 2 months earlier and had just
迁。在这样的背景下，
been released from the hospital after a failed skin graft procedure. The patient
探讨数字时代对社会的
has a fever of 102°F, a影响及其对人类未来的
blood pressure of 90/50 mm Hg, and his wound is oozing
意义，具有重要的现实
意义和理论价值。
