Mendelian & Non-Mendelian Genetics Questions + Answers Graded A+

Allele - alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) located at a specific position on a specific chromosome (a letter) Codominance - occurs when BOTH alleles of a gene are expressed in an individual (ex. Black + White = Black & White Speckled) Dihybrid cross - a two-trait cross (ex. color & shape) Dominant Allele - an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different (capital letter) F1 Generation - first filial generation is the generation resulting immediately from a cross of the first set of parents (P generation) F2 Generation - second filial generation is the generation resulting from a cross between two F1 individuals Gene - sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait Genetics - the study of heredity Genome - the entire "library" of genetic instructions in DNA that an organism inherits Genotype - the combination of alleles located on homologous chromosomes that determines a specific characteristic or trait (the allelic combination such as Bb) Gregor Mendel - father of geneticsHeredity - the passing of traits from one generation to the next Heterozygous - term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait (ex. Bb) Homozygous - term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for the same trait (ex. BB or bb) Hybrid - offspring that are the result of mating between two genetically different kinds of parents; opposite of purebred Incomplete Dominance - when one allele is not completely dominant over the other; blending occurs (ex. Red + White = Pink) Law of Independent Assortment - states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes Law of Segregation - states that allele pairs separate, or segregate, during gamete formation Monohybrid cross - a one-trait cross (ex. color) Multiple Alleles - traits that are controlled by more than two alleles (ex. ABO blood typing = A allele, B allele, & O allele) Non-Mendelian Inheritance - refers to any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel's laws (ex. incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits, sex-linked traits) P generation - parental generation is the first generation involving two individuals that are mated to predict or analyze the genotypes of their offspring