psych 217 Exam 3 Questions and Answers 2024

in interpersonal situations people show _____________ towards cooperation - tendency / incline interpersonal situations : _________ are highest when both players choose the cooperative option - joint pay offs what is the common outcome in interpersonal situations - joint payoff intergroup situations, behavior is often ______________ - competitive does shift between two individuals vs two groups change behavior? - yes example of intergroup situation - prisoner's dilemma game describe a we-group (in group) - form relation of peace, order, law, government and industry to each other when an in group comes across an out group - hatred and contempt towards outsiders and a loyalty to your own group who talks about in-group and out group relationships - Sumner 1906 what have we learned since Sumner - - our stance towards outgrips is more of indifference than hostility - but there is always the chance of conflict - people will most likely favor in-groups over out-groups who are you most protective of? - those in your group how is human life organized - in groups why are we more likely to agree w / protect our in-group - because we are self centered and biased to those who share the same values/similarities which are those of our group in-group bias - tendency to treat members of our "in-groups" better than the members of "out groups" moral rules - members of in-groups form a moral community to which moral rules apply moral disregard - humans tend to have this for outsiders Perdue Automatic Ingroup Bias Study : goal - examine the intent to which in-group bias is cognitively automatic Cognitive Automaticity - non-conscious activation through priming Perdue Automatic In-group Bias Study : overview - - the speed of identifying the target words was influenced by the priming word - facilitate positive words and inhibit negative for the in-group Perdue Automatic In-group Bias Study : breakdown - - participants viewed words on a screen and had to indicate whether the words they saw were positive or negative - target words were : stupid, clean, nice - participants were unaware that before each word, another word was briefly flashed on the screen - prime words were : we, us, they, them Perdue Automatic In-group Bias Study : conclusion - - the speed of identifying the target words was influenced by the prime (even though they were not aware of the prime) - faster with positive words and slower with negative words for your in-group - slower with positive words and faster for negative words for out-group realistic conflict theory : Assumption - - humans everywhere live and work in groups - individuals reach their personal goals through group membership - material resources are scarce and human desires are vast - group conflict arises when groups are in competition and resources are scarce