WGU C963 Pretest Questions and Answers Rated A

WGU C963 Pretest Questions and Answers Rated A What was a Federalist argument in support of the ratification of the Constitution? A strong national government is better for national defense and economic growth. A strong national government is better for the representation of small landowners of modest wealth. Strong state governments are better for funding internal improvements like roads. Strong state governments are better for facilitating business transactions A strong national government is better for national defense and economic growth. Which concept was James Madison referencing when he stated, "Ambition must be made to counteract ambition" in Federalist, no. 51? Free enterprise and competition Life and the pursuit of happiness Separation of powers and checks and balances Equality and individual rights Separation of powers and checks and balances What is a judicial check on the executive branch? The Supreme Court can veto an executive order The Supreme Court can override an executive pardon. The Supreme Court can declare actions by the executive branch unconstitutional. The Supreme Court can block a declaration of war. The Supreme Court can declare actions by the executive branch unconstitutional. What is the goal of new federalism? Centralize policy to strengthen administrative oversight and control overall public spending Decentralize policy to reduce redundancy and increase overall public spending Decentralize policy to enhance administrative efficiency and reduce overall public spending Centralize policy to enforce administrative regulations and increase overall public spending Decentralize policy to enhance administrative efficiency and reduce overall public spending What was a major difference between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution? The Articles of Confederation did not provide for a national judiciary. The Articles of Confederation required states to provide troops for national defense. The Articles of Confederation did not allow states to establish banks. The Articles of Confederation required states to pay for land claims west of the Appalachian Mountains. The Articles of Confederation did not provide for a national judiciary Why did the framers design the government under the Articles of Confederation with a Congress? They wanted a government funded by the people. They wanted a government that protected state sovereignty. They wanted the government to have supreme authority instead of a monarch. They wanted the government to resemble the British Parliament. They wanted a government that protected state sovereignty. What did the Great Compromise between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan that was finalized in the Constitution establish? Authority to tax and regulate trade A two-chamber Congress National armed forces A national currency A two-chamber Congress What were the results of the three-fifths compromise? It allowed free states to pay taxes on only three-fifths of its foreign imports. It required slave states to pay taxes on three-fifths of enslaved persons sold domestically. It allowed slave states to count three-fifths of their enslaved population for the purpose of representation. It required slave states to pay taxes on three-fifths of all imported enslaved persons. It allowed slave states to count three-fifths of their enslaved population for the purpose of representation Who was responsible for drafting the Bill of Rights and submitting it to Congress? Patrick Henry Alexander Hamilton James Madison Thomas Jefferson James Madison Why did the colonists oppose being taxed by Great Britain? They did not have elected representatives in the House of Commons. They had already paid taxes to fund Great Britain's war with France. They needed the funds for maintaining the colonies. They were not allowed to import British manufactured goods. They did not have elected representatives in the House of Commons Which power does the president have under the Constitution? Regulating international commerce Appointing judges Declaring war Raising and maintaining an army Appointing judges What is a protection against an elected president abusing powers for personal gain? The restriction on presidents being elected to only two terms The power of Congress to impeach the president The election of the president by the Electoral College The oath of office needing to be administered by the chief justice The power of Congress to impeach the president Which constitutional amendment established term limits for the president? The Nineteenth Amendment The Seventeenth Amendment The Twentieth Amendment The Twenty-Second Amendment The Twenty-Second Amendment What is the purpose of executive agreements? To influence domestic policy without passing legislation through Congress To establish agreements with foreign countries without congressional approval To exercise the use of the military without requiring a declaration of war from Congress To override congressional legislation that the president does not support To establish agreements with foreign countries without congressional approval Which congressional action would be the result of the implied powers of Congress? Congress passes a law appropriating money to build a new army base. Congress passes a law raising the minimum wage to $10.00 per hour. Congress passes a law creating a new post office. Congress passes a law raising taxes on the top 1% of income earners. Congress passes a law raising the minimum wage to $10.00 per hour. What best explains why individual members of the Senate have more power than individual members of the House of Representatives? The increased length of the term of office in the Senate The higher minimum age requirement in the Senate The ability of the Senate to approve members of the president's cabinet The smaller total number of Senate members compared to the number of representatives The smaller total number of Senate members compared to the number of representatives What describes the equal proportions method of congressional apportionment? Congressional districts are drawn in order to maintain similar numbers of voters in each district. Congressional districts are drawn so that states are each given an equal number of members in the House of Representatives. Congressional districts are drawn to guarantee that each district will be equally represented in the Senate. Congressional districts are drawn so each will have an equal number of members of the Republican and Democratic parties. Congressional districts are drawn in order to maintain similar numbers of voters in each district. What describes the process of bills becoming laws in Congress? Bills change significantly through House and Senate revisions. Bills can be filibustered in the House of Representatives. Bills are initially proposed by Senate committees. Bills that are vetoed must be rewritten in committee. Bills change significantly through House and Senate revisions. What is a power reserved for the states? Conducting foreign relations Coining money Declaring war Conducting elections Conducting elections Which constitutional amendment allows states to reserve powers? The Eighth Amendment The Tenth Amendment The Twelfth Amendment The Nineteenth Amendment The Tenth Amendment What did the Supreme Court's ruling in Gibbons v. Ogden establish? A basis for exercising broad states' rights under the Tenth Amendment A loose constructionist interpretation of the commerce clause A strict constructionist interpretation of the supremacy clause A foundation for the constitutional principle of judicial review A loose constructionist interpretation of the commerce clause What describes the importance of the Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison? It reinforced congressional impeachment power. It protected presidential control over the military. It established the principle of judicial review. It affirmed the presidential use of veto power. It established the principle of judicial review. How many federal appellate courts exist in the United States? 11 13 25 50 13 How many sitting justices are there on the Supreme Court? 6 7 8 9 9 How do most states award votes in the Electoral College? Candidates get electoral votes in proportion to their share of the statewide popular vote. The candidate who wins the popular vote nationwide gets all the electoral votes for the state. The candidate who wins the popular vote in the state gets all the electoral votes for the state. Candidates get one electoral vote for each congressional district where they win the popular vote. The candidate who wins the popular vote in the state gets all the electoral votes for the state. Which amendment provided for the separate election of the president and vice president? The Eleventh Amendment The Twelfth Amendment The Thirteenth Amendment The Fourteenth Amendment The Twelfth Amendment What is true about campaign ads in primary elections? They generally mention all participating political parties. They often try to raise the name recognition of a candidate. They often discourage people from taking actions to vote. They are primarily aimed at more independent voters. They often try to raise the name recognition of a candidate. How are elections for the U.S. Senate conducted? All Senate seats are up for election every six years. Half of the Senate seats are up for election every three years. One-third of the Senate seats are up for election every two years. All Senate seats are up for election every two years. One-third of the Senate seats are up for election every two years. Which election cycle event allows local party members to select their delegates for a presidential election? An open primary A nominating convention A closed primary A caucus A caucus What was the purpose of creating the Federal Election Commission in the 1970s? To manage the operation of polling stations To ensure transparency in campaign financing To limit the influence of negative campaigning To regulate the influence of super PACs To ensure transparency in campaign financing Which type of policy would typically be promoted by public interest groups? Federal laws to protect the rights of gun owners Government funding for public school education Tax cuts for domestic automobile manufacturers Tariffs on foreign imports to protect local manufacturers Government funding for public school education What is generally true of interest groups but not true of political parties? They tend to be focused on a single issue. They sponsor candidates who run under their label. They tend to be broad coalitions. They directly control the operation of government. They tend to be focused on a single issue. Why is it difficult to measure the influence of interest groups? There are too many interest groups to determine which groups are influencing government policies. Interest groups tend to support lawmakers who would have likely supported the group's issues anyway. Interest groups are not required to keep detailed records of their campaign spending. Most meetings between interest groups and lawmakers are conducted in closed-door sessions. Interest groups tend to support lawmakers who would have likely supported the group's issues anyway. Which Supreme Court decision allowed Super PACs to accept and spend unlimited amounts of money for or against political candidates? Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission Shelby County v. Holder Breedlove v. Suttles Crawford v. Marion County Election Board Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission In which case did the Supreme Court establish that spending on political campaigns constituted political speech that is protected by the First Amendment? Breedlove v. Suttles Buckley v. Valeo Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission Shelby County v. Holder Buckley v. Valeo What is closely associated with a citizen being less likely to vote? Having a college education Being an older adult Having a lower income job Being a woman Having a lower income job What was required by states under the 1993 National Voter Registration Act? It required states to demand proof of citizenship before allowing individuals to register to vote. It required states to allow individuals to register to vote at the same time they go to vote. It required states to allow citizens to register to vote when they sign up for driver's licenses. It required states to allow driver's licenses as identification for those registering to vote. It required states to allow citizens to register to vote when they sign up for driver's licenses. What was the impact of the 1993 National Voter Registration Act, also known as the Motor Voter Act? Voter registration increased, but voter turnout decreased dramatically. Voter registration increased, but voter turnout was largely unchanged. Voter registration increased, and voter turnout increased dramatically. Voter registration and voter turnout were largely unchanged. Voter registration increased, but voter turnout was largely unchanged. A voter casts a ballot for a candidate based solely on the candidate's previous vote on a tax cut.Which type of voting decision is demonstrated in this situation? Inspective Retrospective Introspective Prospective Retrospective What is one of the guidelines for the use of capital punishment as established by the Supreme Court in Furman v. Georgia? The death penalty can only be used in cases where murder has been committed. A person can only be given the death penalty if it is believed they can't be rehabilitated. A jury must be used to make factual determinations to base a death penalty on. The method of execution must be one that uses the newest technology. A jury must be used to make factual determinations to base a death penalty on. What describes the Supreme Court's ruling in Miranda v. Arizona? It protected people suspected of crimes from illegal searches by law enforcement officials. It required law enforcement officials to inform people suspected of crimes of their constitutional rights. It required states to provide publicly appointed attorneys for people who could not afford legal counsel. It protected people from having illegally obtained evidence used against them in state courts. It required law enforcement officials to inform people suspected of crimes of their constitutional rights. What describes the Supreme Court's ruling in Mapp v. Ohio? Law enforcement officers do not need a search warrant when using drug-sniffing dogs. Evidence obtained because it was in plain view is not admissible without a warrant. Evidence obtained without a warrant that does not fall under the exclusionary rule is not admissible. Law enforcement officers are required to have a warrant for a search even if consent is given by the suspect. Evidence obtained without a warrant that does not fall under the exclusionary rule is not admissible. What is a reason people can be convicted of a crime without jury trial under the Sixth Amendment? They cannot afford legal council. They do not understand their rights. They accept a plea bargain. They choose to represent themselves. They accept a plea bargain. Which amendment concerns the rights of individuals engaged in civil disputes? The Fifth Amendment The Sixth Amendment The Seventh Amendment The Eighth Amendment The Seventh Amendment What was the impact of the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson? It allowed racial segregation by establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine. It prevented African Americans from serving on juries. It prohibited African Americans from holding elected offices. It allowed states to use literacy tests to determine eligibility to vote. It allowed racial segregation by establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine. In which types of cases would the Supreme Court use the standard of strict scrutiny? Cases that restrict fundamental rights of protected classes Cases related to workplace discrimination against women Cases concerning restrictions of rights against foreign nationals Cases involving discrimination against people with lower incomes Cases that restrict fundamental rights of protected classes Why was the separate-but-equal provision in Plessy v. Ferguson ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the Brown v. Board decision? It violated the freedom to assemble under the First Amendment. It violated the due process clause protected by the Fifth Amendment. It violated implied protection rights under the Ninth Amendment. It violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment It violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment Which right is protected under the free exercise clause of the Constitution? Freedom of religion Freedom of speech The right to vote The right to bear arms Freedom of religion What describes the Supreme Court's decision in Cohen v. California? Symbolic speech to express political opinions is constitutionally protected. Students have the right to politically protest on school campuses. Flag burning is not protected political speech under the Constitution. Pornographic material and other obscenities are not constitutionally protected. Symbolic speech to express political opinions is constitutionally protected. What describes the Supreme Court's ruling in Texas v. Johnson? Nonthreatening hate speech is constitutionally protected. Flag burning is constitutionally protected political speech. Laws banning same-sex relationships are unconstitutional. Fourteenth Amendment protections extend to all minority groups. Flag burning is constitutionally protected political speech. In which case did the Supreme Court rule that a person must be opposed to all wars and not just a particular war to claim conscientious objector status? Gideon v. Wainwright Miranda v. Arizona United States v. Miller Gillette v. United States Gillette v. United States Which issue did the landmark Obergefell v. Hodges Supreme Court case concern? Same-sex marriage Flag burning Abortion Euthanasia Same-sex marriage In which case did the Supreme Court rule there is a constitutional right to privacy that protects a woman's right to terminate a pregnancy? Roe v. Wade Planned Parenthood v. Casey Griswold v. Connecticut Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt Roe v. Wade Which amendment to the Constitution gave women the right to vote? Fifteenth Amendment Nineteenth Amendment Twenty-Third Amendment Twenty-Sixth Amendment Nineteenth Amendment What is an appropriate characterization of media agenda setting? It is based on modern meeting management practices. It determines which events deserve public attention. It is an attempt to cover all news without limit. It censors new stories that are unfavorable to sponsors. It determines which events deserve public attention. What established the requirement that the executive branch provide information to private citizens and news outlets? Branzburg v. Hayes The Freedom of Information Act The Communications Act Miller v. California The Freedom of Information Act What describes the principle of prior restraint? News agencies require permission from government officials before publishing stories. The government can prevent some information from being published if it affects national security. News agencies need court approval to publish stories about government corruption. The government can censor stories that could damage the country's reputation internationally. The government can prevent some information from being published if it affects national security. Which influence would having parents that are committed and vocal Democrats have on people's political socialization? They would be less likely to participate in the political process. They would likely become strong Republicans. They would likely become strong Democrats. They would be as likely to become strong Republicans as strong Democrats. They would likely become strong Democrats. How do presidents use mandates after election? They use their public support to implement campaign promises. They use their new power to punish political rivals. They plan reelection for the next campaign immediately. They elect members of their party to local offices. They use their public support to implement campaign promises. What is a criticism of the bandwagon effect on American politics? Democratic candidates are provided preferential treatment in the press. Journalists persuade voters to choose candidates with high social desirability. News media agencies provide more coverage to candidates that are leading in the polls. Candidates that raise the most money get the most media coverage. News media agencies provide more coverage to candidates that are leading in the polls.