EFMB: Global Snake Envenomation Management Study Guide With Complete Questions And Answers.

What are the major snakebite syndromes? - correct answer Neurotoxic, hemotoxic and cytotoxic What are the major signs and symptoms of a neurotoxic snakebite? - correct answer Bilateral ptosis Descending paralysis Dyspnea / AMS What are the major signs and symptoms of a hemotoxic snakebite? - correct answer Coagulopathy (VICC) Local bleeding Systemic bleeding What are the major signs and symptoms of a cytotoxic snakebite? - correct answer Severe pain Progressive edema Tissue destruction T/F: When treating a snake bite patient, identifying the snake species will not change your patient care. - correct answer False. Snakebite treatment should always be determined by the clinical presentation and evolution of signs and symptoms in the patient rather than the identity of the snake that bite them. T/F: Snake bite victims should be aggressively treated with antivenom regardless of if they have developed signs or symptoms. - correct answer False. Always treat snakebite patients based on the signs and symptoms they develop. A patient who hands you a dead mamba and develops no signs or symptoms of envenomation does not require antivenom unless they develop progressive signs and symptoms of an envenomation. What is the preferred route for snake antivenom administration? - correct answer IV T/F: Snake antivenom dosage is not weight-based and there is no difference in dosing between adults and children. - correct answer TRUE T/F: Overdosing snake antivenom is not a concern during the active treatment phase, and the worst-case scenario is an allergic reaction. - correct answer TRUE T/F: The evacuation of a patient with snakebite envenomation takes precedence over the administration of the appropriate antivenom. - correct answer False. DO not delay administration of antivenom in the field to a patient with an envenomation. Observe and monitor the patient closely at the bedside for a minimum of ____ _______ after each dose of antivenom has been given. - correct answer 1 HOUR T/F: Compartment syndrome is common in snakebites. Patients should receive a fasciotomy in conjunction with antivenom in most cases. - correct answer False. Compartment syndrome is rare in snakebites. DO NOT perform fasciotomy for snakebites. T/F: Routine administration of antibiotics should not be given to patients with snakebites unless signs and symptoms of an infection are present. Direct infections are rare from most snakebites when prompt, appropriate treatment is given. - correct answer TRUE Continuous clinical monitoring for the effectiveness of snake antivenom includes: - correct answer Hourly checks of vital signs Urine output and detailed assessment for new or worsening signs of neurotoxic Hemotoxic or cytotoxic envenomation. Snakebite patients should be held for at least 24 hours after resolution of all signs and symptoms, and the following steps should be completed prior to discharge: - correct answer Repeat blood tests before releasing the patient to ensure resolution of coagulopathy Administer a booster dose of tetanus toxoid if needed Patients should be instructed to return if any new or worrying signs of symptoms develop What is the only prophylactic treatment (pretreatment) that has been shown to effectively reduce the incidence of early adverse reactions in snakebite patients? - correct answer Epinephrine. Early adverse reaction: anaphylaxis. T/F: Serum sickness associated with antivenom treatment may be uncomfortable but is not dangerous. - correct answer TRUE What interventions are not appropriate when treating a snakebite? - correct answer 1. DO NOT cut, suck, electrocute, burn, or use chemicals on the envenomation site. 2. DO NOT apply constricting bandages, tourniquets or other circulation-reducing intervention! 3. DO NOT use venom extractors or other commercial snakebite first aid kits. 4. DO NOT administer test doses of antivenom to check for hypersensitivity as these are ineffective and waste both time and antivenom. 5. DO NOT administer antihistamines or steroids as prophylactic pretreatment for prevention of anaphylaxis or other early adverse reactions (EARs) to antivenom as neither is effective as a premedication . WHO category _____ venomous snakes are defined as "highly venomous snakes which are common or widespread and cause numerous snakebites, resulting in high levels of morbidity, disability or mortality." - correct answer ONE WHO category _____ venomous snakes are defined as "highly venomous snakes capable of causing morbidity, disability or death, for which exact epidemiological or clinical data may be lacking; and/or which are less frequently implicated (due to their activity cycles, behavior, habitat preferences or occurrence in areas remote to large human populations)." - correct answer TWO