Chapter 4 MedSurg Questions and Answers with verified solutions

Chapter 4 MedSurg Questions and Answers with verified solutions A clear liquid diet can be consumed up to 3 hours before surgery in elective cases. What does that consist of? - ANS -tea, black coffee, apple juice, or carbonated beverages Can a confused patient sign a consent form? - ANS -No, the patient must be mentally competent and give consent freely and with coercion Food and fluids will be restricted up to how many hours prior to surgery? - ANS -8 hours Name the 3 stages of general anesthesia. - ANS -induction-unconsciousness maintenance-period when surgery is performed emergence-surgery is completed/patient returns to consciousness Restricted zone - ANS -the area surrounding the operating table and instruments trays and table; scrub clothes, sterile gowns, caps, shoe covers, masks, and sterile gloves Semi-restricted zone - ANS -hallways and outer regions of OR; circulating nurse and anesthesia care providers; clean scrub clothes and caps are required The surgeon explains what to the patient - ANS -The procedure, risks, and benefits What are groups are at higher risk for complications of surgery? Why? - ANS -Infants and elderly; their immature body systems/decline in functions puts them in a comprising situation What are the goals of anesthesia? - ANS -prevent pain, calm fear and anxiety, achieve adequate muscle relaxation What does a consent form do? - ANS -Protects the surgeon against any unauthorized surgery claims What happens during general anesthesia? - ANS -patient is in a deep sleep state with muscle relaxation and is not aware of surroundings What information is included in the consent form? - ANS -The correct surgical procedure What is a time-out? - ANS -A final verification right before surgery begins; includes correct patient, procedure, site, and implants What is anesthesia? - ANS -loss of sensory perception What is regional anesthesia? - ANS -A nerve block; injections into the spinal, epidural, caudal, or peripheral nerve area What is stasis? - ANS -slowing of blood flow What is the temperature in the OR? - ANS -66-70 degrees F or 18.9-21.1 degrees C; discourages microbial growth What is the unrestricted zone? - ANS -the control desk area; street clothes are worn here What is thrombophelbitis? - ANS -Blood clot and inflammation of a vessel What must be obtain before an operation can occur? - ANS -a consent form What must be removed from a patient before surgery? - ANS -Jewelry, nail polish, makeup, eyeglasses, contact lenses, hearing aids, hair, dentures (sometimes) What should nurses should teach patients about requesting pain medication? - ANS -To ask for pain medication before the pain begins When is a NG tube usually removed? - ANS -When bowel sounds return or nausea has passed When will an order be made to clear the bowels or drink GoLytely? - ANS -If the patient is having abdominal or colon surgery Who is responsible for witnessing the patient sign the consent form? - ANS -The nurse Who work within the sterile field? - ANS -Surgeon, surgical assistants, and scrub nurse Why are patients NPO prior to surgery? - ANS -To prevent nausea, vomiting, and aspiration associated with anesthesia Why is the OR maintained as a positive pressure environment? - ANS -To reduce the entrance of microbes that might cause infection