Final Exam)Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam Review: Questions & Answers: Updated Solution

A nurse is interviewing a patient who just received news that he has pancreatic cancer. The patient tells the nurse that getting cancer could never happen to him. Which defense mechanism is this patient demonstrating? A. Projection B. Denial C. Displacement D. Repression (Ans- B A patient's health history of breast cancer that runs in the family is what type of risk factor? (Ans- Non-modifiable risk factor Laws affecting nursing practice (Think PHMPG) (Ans- -Right of Privacy -HIPAA -Malpractice -Patient's Bill of Rights -Good Samaritan Law Rubra (Ans- Deep red mixture, first 3-4 days A nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient and the patient is harmed. The physician who ordered the medication did not read the documentation that the patient was allergic to the drug. Which statement is true regarding liability for the administration of the wrong medication? A. The nurse is not responsible, because the nurse was merely following the doctor's orders. B. Only the nurse is responsible, because the nurse actually administered the medication. C. Only the physician is responsible, because the physician actually ordered the drug. D. Both the nurse and the physician are responsible for their respective actions. (Ans- D. Nurses are legally responsible for carrying out the orders of the physician in charge of a patient unless an order would lead a reasonable person to anticipate injury if it were carried out. If the nurse should have anticipated injury and did not, both the prescribing physician and the administering nurse are responsible for the harms to which they contributed. Phosphate normal values (Ans- 2.5-4.5 mg/dL Normal ionized serum calcium level (Ans- 4.5-5.1 mg/dL Base excess or deficit values (Ans- -2 to +2 mMol/L A patient tells the nurse that she would like to use a mechanical barrier for birth control. Which method might the nurse recommend? A. Diaphragm B. Oral contraceptive pills C. Depo-Provera D. Evra patch (Ans- A The diaphragm is the only barrier method of contraception listed; all the other methods are hormonal. Serum Bicarbonate (Ans- 25-29 mEq/L A female patient who is receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer tells the nurse, "The treatment for this cancer is worse than the disease itself. I'm not going to come for my therapy anymore." The nurse responds by using critical thinking skills to address this patient problem. Which action is the first step the nurse would take in this process? A. The nurse judges whether the patient database is adequate to address the problem. B. The nurse considers whether or not to suggest a counseling session for the patient. C. The nurse reassesses the patient and decides how best to intervene in her care. D. The nurse identifies several options for intervening in the patient's care and critiques the merit of each option. (Ans- C. The first step when thinking critically about a situation is to identify the purpose or goal of your thinking. Reassessing the patient helps to discipline thinking by directing all thoughts toward the goal. Once the problem is addressed, it is important for the nurse to judge the adequacy of the knowledge, identify potential problems, use helpful resources, and critique the decision. Serosa (Ans- 2nd stage, pinkish-brownish discharge, expelled 3-10 days. Drugs used to open airways (Ans- Bronchodilators PCO2 normal values (Ans- 35-45 mm Hg A nurse is administering a pain medication to a patient. In addition to checking his identification bracelet, the nurse correctly verifies his identity by: A. Asking the patient his name B. Reading the patient's name on the sign over the bed C. Asking the patient's roommate to verify his name D. Asking, "Are you Mr. Brown?" (Ans- A A nurse is caring for a patient in the ICU who is being monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm following a lost of consciousness in the emergency room. The nurse anticipates preparing the pt for ordered diagnostic tests. This nurse's knowledge of the diagnostic procedures for this condition reflects which aspect of nursing? A. The art of nursing B. The science of nursing C. The caring aspect of nursing D. The holistic approach to nursing (Ans- B. The science of nursing A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format. What does the letter P represent? A. Comparison to another similar treatment B. Clearly defined, focused literature review C. Specific identification of the desired outcome D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest (Ans- D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest Insulin (Ans- Removes excess glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen in the liver. Which nurse who was influential in the development of nursing in North America is regarded as the founder of American nursing? A. Clara Barton B. Lillian Wald C. Lavina Dock D. Florence Nightingale (Ans- D. Florence Nightingale The student nurse learns that illnesses are classified as either acute or chronic. Which are examples of chronic illnesses? Select all that apply. A. Diabetes mellitus B. Bronchial pneumonia C. Rheumatoid arthritis D. Cystic fibrosis E. Fractured hip F. Otitis media (Ans- A, C, & D World War II had a tremendous effect on the nursing profession. Which development occurred during this period? A. The role of the nurse was broadened B. There was a decreased emphasis on education C. Nursing was practiced mainly in hospital settings D. There was an overabundance of nurses (Ans- A. The role of the nurse was broadened One of the 4 broad aims of nursing practice is to restore health. Which examples of nursing interventions reflect this goal? Select all that apply. A. A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program B. A nurse performed ROM exercises for a pt on bedrest C. A nurse shows a diabetic pt how to inject insulin D. A nurse recommends a yoga class for a busy executive E. A nurse provides hospice care for a pt with end-stage cancer F. A nurse teaches a nutrition class at a local high school (Ans- A, B, and C