SPH-V 241 Environmental Health Week 1 Questions And Answers 2024 Solutionsenvironment - ANS-the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors (as climate, soil, and living things) that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately det

environment - ANS-the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors (as climate, soil, and living things) that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determine its form and survival environmental health - ANS-the study of how our environment effects our health environmental science - ANS-how we effect the environment personal environment - ANS--behavior and lifestyle choices contribute to our environment, WE have control over these -ex: cigarette smoking ambient environment - ANS-pollution, radiation, and some working conditions, we have little control over these -ex: air pollution four domains of the external environment - ANS--chemical -physical -biological -socioeconomic chemical domain of the external environment include things like... - ANS--pollution (air and water) -household cleaning supplies -pesticides -food additives -carbon monoxide, vinyl chloride physical domain of the external environment include things like... - ANS--accidents -heat/cold stress -radiation (sunlight) -noise biological domain of the external environment include things like... - ANS--microorganisms (E. coli, Hepatitis A) -insects and pests -water contaminants -person-to-person contact socioeconomic domain of the external environment include things like... - ANS--low income -access to healthcare -food desserts things we can control or change - ANS--exposures to the environment: limiting consumption of fish containing mercury -behaviors: use or non-use of sunscreen -lifestyle: alcohol consumption, smoking, diet things we cannot control or change - ANS--genetic makeup -pre-existing conditions -internal response to exposure some are more susceptible to exposures than others like... - ANS--very old (slips, trips, and falls in the home) -very young (most bodily systems still forming) -children (nervous system still forming, think exposure to lead) -immunocompromised What are the 3 P's? - ANS--pollution, population, poverty -Population growth is associated with poverty, and both poverty and population growth are associated with pollution. environmental risk transition - ANS-changes in environmental risks that happen as a consequence of economic development in the less-developed regions of the world population dynamics - ANS-the ever-changing interrelationships among the set of variables that influence the demographic makeup of populations as well as the variables that influence the growth and decline of population sizes completed fertility rate (total fertility rate) - ANS-the number of children a woman has given birth to when she completes childbearing demographic transition - ANS-the alteration over time in a population's fertility, mortality, and makeup epidemiologic transition - ANS-used to describe a shift in the pattern of morbidity and mortality from causes related primarily to infectious and communicable diseases to causes associated with chronic, degenerative diseases The effects of rapid growth of the world's population include: - ANS--urbanization -overtaxing carrying capacity -food insecurity -loss of biodiversity megacity - ANS-an urbanized area that has 10 million or more inhabitants carrying capacity - ANS-the maximum number of individuals that can be supported sustainably by a given environment food insecurity - ANS-refers to a situation in which supplies of wholesome foods are uncertain or may have limited availability biodiversity - ANS-refers to the different types and variability of animal and plant species and ecosystems in which they live social environment - ANS-encompasses influences upon the individual that arise from societal and cultural factors ecological model - ANS-proposes that the determinants of health (environmental, biological, and behavioral) interact and are interlinked over the life course of individuals dose-response relationship - ANS-describe the responses of organisms to exposures to toxic substances Types of environmental health problems that prevail in the developing world - ANS--water contamination -air pollution