Anatomy and Physiology: NCLEX Questions and Answers Graded A

Anatomy and Physiology: NCLEX Questions and Answers Graded A A patient is being admitted to the intensive care unit following a motor vehicle accident that resulted in serious injury to organs in the dorsal cavity. Which organs does the nurse suspect are involved? - ANS- 2. Spinal Cord 5. Brain A type of cell division of somatic cells in which each daughter cell contains the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell is called what? - ANS- 2. Mitosis Anterior - ANS- Posterior Cardiovascular - ANS- Transports substances from one part of the body to another Deep - ANS- Superficial Digestive - ANS- Makes physical and chemical change in nutrients and absorbs nutrients Distal - ANS- Proximal Endocrine - ANS- Uses hormones to regulate body functions Integumentary - ANS- Protects underlying structures, provides for sensory reception, and regulates body temperature Lateral - ANS- Medial Lymphatic - ANS- Transports fatty nutrients from the digestive system to the blood Muscular - ANS- Provides movement, body posture, and heat Nervous - ANS- uses electromechanical signals to integrate and control body functions Reproductive - ANS- Ensures the survival of the species rather than the individual. Respiratory - ANS- Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide and regulates acid-base balance Skeletal - ANS- Provides a rigid framework for the body and stores minerals Superior - ANS- Inferior The hypogastric region of the abdominopelvic cavity is located where? (Select all that apply.) - ANS- 1. Inferior to the umbilical region 3. Medial to the right iliac region The nurse correctly identifies which mechanism as the movement of materials across the membrane of a cell by means of chemical activity requiring the expenditure of energy by the cell? - ANS- 2. Active transport The nurse correctly identifies which organs as being found in the abdominopelvic cavity? (Select all that apply.) - ANS- 1. Spleen 2. Urinary Bladder 4. Gallbladder 5. Rectum The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing back pain located in the lower portion of the spine. The nurse is correct in documenting this as what area? - ANS- 2. Caudal The nurse is caring for a patient with a disease of the endocrine system. Which organs does the nurse identify as possibly not functioning correctly based on the patient's disease? (Select all that apply.) - ANS- 1. The pituitary gland 2. Pancreas 3. Thyroid gland 5. Adrenal glands The patient had a gunshot wound that damaged the structure that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. The nurse is aware that what structure has been affected? - ANS- 2. Diaphragm The student nurse correctly identifies _______ as when a person's body is maintaining a balanced state within its internal environment. - ANS- 1. Homeostasis The student nurse demonstrates knowledge of basic human anatomy and physiology with which statement? - ANS- 1. Mucous membranes line many organs, open to the outside environment, and are part of the body's defense mechanism against invasion of microorganisms." Urinary - ANS- cleans the blood of metabolic wastes and regulates electrolyte balance What process has occurred when the patient inhales oxygen and it passes through the lungs and into the bloodstream (area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration)? - ANS- 4. Diffusion What type of tissue is composed of cells that contract in response to a message from the brain or spinal cord? - ANS- 4. Muscle When a group of several different kinds of tissues is arranged to perform a special function, the nurse correctly uses which term to describe it? - ANS- 2. Organ When the body recognizes a foreign body invasion and responds by engulfing or surrounding the foreign material and digesting it, the nurse is accurate in identifying this process as what? - ANS- 3. Phagocytosis