NRE EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE ANSWERS SCORED A+

complicated vs complex - ANS-complicated: machine, hard to put all the parts together complex: moving one part caused the others to change as well resilance - ANS-ability of a system to absorb disturbance while retaining basic structure and fxns symbiotic - ANS-organisms living together and benefiting one another sustainability - ANS-quality of human life and of the enviro that is not gained from the expense of the future What are the 5 E's that must be integrated into sustainability> - ANS-economy enviro social equity engagement eternity What does the venn diagram of sustainable systems look like - ANS-its a circle inside a circle inside a circle, showing how its 1 system with linked components imbedded within 1 system Venn diagram of conservation - ANS-conservation, social and economic interlocking normally and the center overlap is conservation management definiton - ANS-controls ppls interactions with the enviro to achieve sustainability thru science, engineering, design, economic/financial anyalsis, and policies management weird figure - ANS-civil ppl power (top) connects to middle via land stewardship natural enviro (middle) connects to middle via enviro planning market economic power (left) connects to middle via enviro planning state govt power (right) who are the enforcers of enviro management/ how do they enforce - ANS-the state/govt! by admin. law, distributing funding thru carrot and stick, thru zoning what is carrot and stick? - ANS-ex. carrot is deductions on taxes for having solar panels stick is getting a ticket for littering/dumping hazardous wastes improperly What has a huge influence over state of enviro? - ANS-the market! its a source of problems and solutions and producers are motivated by profits and consumers have been shifting to green products What is civil society - ANS-the public! we manage enviros thru land trusts, property ownership, NGOs, and activists *becoming increasingly active in enviro planning *more than 1 mill. organizations history of planning thru the decades?` - ANS-brings democracy...use too much resources...start enviro movement...focus on conservation and preservation...tension arises first national park - ANS-yellowstone in 1872 What river caught on fire bc of improper waste materials - ANS-Cuyahoga River Ohio 1952 caused NEPA, EPA, CAA, CWA Downfall of all this - ANS-no strong population control no carbon tax no global regulation on seas and upper atmosphere Points of view on the enviro - ANS-optimist: technology will solve it all concerned optimist: hard work and we can fix things hopeful pessimist: gotta try before we die pessimist: earth is already lost self-absorbed: idc about earth's problems History Enviro Trends - ANS-Preservation, conservation, Public health all to Enviro Protection all to industry ecology, ecosystem, global enviro all to climate protect., green building, clean energy all to sustainable communities, green economy What marks the transition to modern, spatially explicit planning - ANS-GAP analysis circa mid 1980s-utilized GIS software -ecological networks -urban greenbelts -core/satellite nature presents -zoning -species migration what is systemic planning - ANS-answers "where" questions Ex. where to protect lands/waters and restrict human activities *Goal: to sustain high valued resources or broad ecosystem structure and fxn ex. ecosystem services what is strategic planning - ANS-answers "how" questions activities to reach desired outcomes? management, education, policies, etc Ex. Nature Conservancy made CAP, Conservation Action Planning Conservation Measure Planning - ANS-1) conceptualize-define initial team, scope, vision, identify threats, make situation analysis 2) Plan actions/monitoring-monitoring make work plan/timeline develop/refine budget 3) Implement actions/monitoring- make work plan/timeline, develop timelines/refine budgets 4) Analyze,use, and adapt- analyze results/data alter plan 5) capture/share learning-document data, share stuff Why do conservation/enviro protect need to be human value filtered - ANS-Bc then we will actually do something about it contemporary planning efforts - ANS-Ex. climate adaption planning: adapt infrastructure/population to changing climate, sea level rise, changing wildlife/disease distributions Species Conservation Planning - ANS-US Endangered Species Act: review of species states threats vision/goal strategies to meet goal recovery objective budget monitoring State Wildlife Action Plans - ANS-non-game funding for wildlife conservation protected area mapping and conservation planning Land use/local planning - ANS-town level * more often economic development rules over environmental Current improvements - ANS-multiple objectives planning more emphasis on social, economic, political science use of systemic/strategic risk analysis 3 major components of planning - ANS-1) framing conservation planning problem 2) solving 3) implementing plan *NOT a linear process Who makes the management plans - ANS-funded/regulated thru govt grants enviro management needs money and ppl ppl manage bc they want to *Nature Conservancy Triggers in a management plan - ANS-legislation petition litigation ex. sue the govt, CRAAP issue emergence NEPA - ANS-National Environmental Policy Act passed in 1962 protect enviro for future generations assures safety, healthy, productive, and aesthetically surroundings preserve historic/cultural aspects balance bc population and resource enhance quality of resources *this is an umbrella law: dictates the way other laws are managed and planned, incorporates enviro impacts and concerns in projects using federal funds ex. influenced CAA, CWA, TSA NEPA more - ANS-1)agency identifies need for action and makes proposal 2)address if enviro effects are likely to be significant Executive order - ANS-bama was like every fed agency needs to reevaluate their climate risks/vulnerabilities and then /develop/implement climate change adaptation plans Endangered Species Act - ANS-animal added to list by manag. plan and by lawsuits now/other than petitions use NEPA process issue emergence - ANS-invasive species often trigger USDA bc ruins crops and public unrest management plans are vital bc - ANS-when management resources involve more than 30 years and worlds constant changing land usage law that sets planning process that organizations have to go thru to assess enviro damage/protection - ANS-NEPA! Main question for agency: - ANS-a fed agency identifies a need for action and develops a proposal and are the enviro effects significant? 1st route - ANS-if no, it goes to fast route and straight to action **categorical exclusions in this route: ex. federal highway admin. has approval of installations on their categorical list where if proposed, it goes thru no enviro sign. route even if there is an impact 2nd route - ANS-like enviro assess we are doing in class but more than 5 pages -used when impacts are minimal, avoidable, or not known -if impacts surface, then proposal is bumped to EIS(3rd route) -this EA pushes the proposal to another agency for decision FONSI in 2nd route - ANS-a finding of no sign. impact -most common outcome of EAs -ppl look for fonsis and might sue to force process into 3rd route -fonsis can also send proposal to yet another agency 3rd route - ANS-EIS-Enviro Impact Assess when there are certain impacts/unavoidable need alternative plans requires public input all EIS are posted for 45 days for public input and usually 100s of pages can take several years Biological opinions - ANS-if proposed action impacts any plant or animal species then it goes to 3rd route consults with NOAA or USFWS -detailed in End. Spec. Act section 7 FWS ppl consult wit all academic ppls and stuff to help jeopardy decision - ANS-when the listed species is put in jeopardy and the proposed actions stop and action is taken What is a signifacnt impact - ANS-considered int he context of tradeoffs and enviro and human civilization -everything is subjective and standards of endangered species, human health, and pollution are hard Planning Context 5 things - ANS-1) purpose and scope of plan 2) decisions to be made by plan 3) constraints on planning process 4) audience for plan 5) level of investment in process 1. Purpose and scope of plan - ANS-Reedy creek- restoration of creek with flooding issues -put in a more defined channel and 2 months after there was a 100 year flood that washed everything away -could have been prevented by determining scope properly -the river often floods, had many channels, and they should have put in a braided river vital questions to ask in phase 1 - ANS-what is the problem, why we care what caused problem whose problem is it what are the constraints what are other related problems how big is the problem really who/what skills will help our problem The EA is part of the scope and purpose so what is it - ANS-defines problem what would road salt do to enviro should group take action 2 Decisions Made by the Plan - ANS--What decisions are within the scope and purpose? Ex. Who makes these decisions, NAMES, Tim Galleduat NOAA -identify all decisions yet to be made -need to work on decisions that are able to be made, logic regarding alternatives Tim Galleduat NOAA - ANS-in charge of all climate decisions for US and ocean activities WHo are the decision makers in our EA - ANS-uconn nature conservancy land trust association 3. Constraints - ANS-plans and decides at higher organizational levels will often constrain plans at local levels Ex. GEF- Global Enviro Facility, a subgroup of the UN what is GEF- Global Enviro Facility - ANS--provides funding for wide range of activities, has a full funding constraint, sometimes a constrain is a good thing bc it provides a strong base that allows you to build your project bc you hav a huge funding source 4. Audience of our plan - ANS-techniques to find: focus groups social network analysis snowball sampling stakeholder-led categorizaiton -interviews what is a stakeholder - ANS-any ppl or group that has vested interst in natural resources of that area 5. Level of Investment in process - ANS-can be guided by finding levels of 1)risk 2)replication, proof or concept 3)complexity Put into investment box examples! - ANS-large scale proof of concept for carbon mitigation scheme for tropical forest logging in HIGH COST hiking trail development in local area-LOW COST Strategic Planning Hierarchy - ANS-1. vision statement 2. objectives res 4. indicator t ns fundamental objectives - ANS-what we want to achieve: -less climate change, cleaner w