PSG 110 Essentials of Polysomnography Chapter 5 Questions and Answers 2024

PSG 110 Essentials of Polysomnography Chapter 5 Questions and Answers 2024 current the flow of electricity voltage electrical tension resistance the degree to which an object opposes or resists electrical current transmembrane potential electrical activity across the cell surfaces polarity the positive or negative orientation of an electrical signal common mode rejection The process by which a differential amplifier rejects identical inputs (unwanted signals). common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) A rating of the ability of a differential amplifier to eliminate identical inputs. clip electrode a lead wire with a clip at the end that holds an adhesive electrode snap electrode a lead wire with a button-like snap at the end that snaps onto a adhesive electrode cup electrode a highly conductive electrode that is in the shape of a cup to hold EEG paste or other electrically conductive solutions Snore Microphone a monitoring device that reads sounds and converts them to an electrical signal for the polysomnograph to record snore sensor a monitoring device that reads vibrations from the upper airway and delivers them to the polysomnograph to record oximeter a device used to estimate blood oxygen saturation levels arterial blood gas (ABG) a test of blood taken from the arteries that shows levels of certain gases in the blood body position sensor a monitoring device, usually placed on the middle of the thoracic belt, that detects the patient's body movements pressure transducer a monitoring device that pressure from expired air to detect airflow thermocouple a sensor placed in front of the nose and mouth that detects airflow by sensing temperature changes thermistor a sensor that measures changes in temperature resulting from a patients inhalation and exhalations capnometer A device to detect carbon dioxide levels. capnograph A recording of carbon dioxide levels over a period of time transcutaneous CO2 monitor a heated sensor placed on the skin that measures carbon dioxide levels in the blood respiratory effort belt a stretchy belt that expands as the patient inhales. As the belt pulls the sensor, a waveform is sent to the polysomnograph showing respiratory effort inductive plethysmography a method of detecting respiratory effort by outputting changes in capacitance through an oscillator and to a calibrator unit piezo-electric crystal A monitoring device which uses dielectric crystals under mechanical stress to generate a waveform showing respiratory effort. mercury strain gauge utilize the change in resistance due to circuit elongation and narrowing to detect respiratory effort cardio-pneumograph a device measuring respiratory effort that uses two chest electrodes to record changes in impedance by measuring current flow in an AC circuit pneumatic respiration transductors a device for detecting respiratory effort that uses a cuff and bladder intercostal EMG An EMG channel used to measure respiratory effort by detecting activity in the intercostal muscles esophageal balloon A device inserted into the esophagus to measure small changes in airway resistance. water-filled catheter A device used to detect respiratory effort. pH probe a device used to monitor acidity levels in the esophagus actigraph A device used to measure movement, usually over long periods of time. motion detector records periodic limb movement during sleep differential amplifier An amplifier used in polysomnography which works by comparing the difference between two incoming voltages and outputs a signal based on the difference. frequency response curve A graphical depiction of an amplifier's ability to filter unwanted signals at varying frequencies. ground in polysomnography, a common reference for all electrodes to as a measurement tool for voltage differences ground loop when two grounds are used, a signal can loop through both grounds, causing interference international 10/20 electrode placement system a standard system of EEG electrode placement that utilizes specified anatomical landmarks and measurement percentages to locate EEG sites bipolar recording montage a channel setup based on recordings from two exploring electrodes Referential Recording Montage a montage that utilizes common electrodes as references for the exploring electrodes automatic scoring using software and computer-generated rules and definitions to automatically review sleep study data digital polysomnography recording bioelectric signals during sleep on a computerized polysomnograph analogue polysomnography recording bioelectric potentials using a pen and paper system sampling rate the designated number of bits recorded per second in a channel Why is a signals polarity important in polysomnography? an electrical potential itself cannot be negative until it is compared to another potential that is greater What pathway does a signal take to get from the patient to the polysomnograph? the electrical signal produced by activity from the patients body, the electrical signal transmits through the skin to the electrode, the signal transmits from the electrode through the lead wire to a headbox, the signal passes straight through the headbox to the differential amplifier via a shielded cable, the differential amplifier subtracts a reference signal, the new signal is sent to the polysomnograph for viewing