Bio 473 Surgical Exam Questions And Answers With Complete Updates

terminal surgery - CORRECT ANSWER-animal is given an anesthetic prior to the experiment and then euthanized before it recovers from the anesthetic survival surgery - CORRECT ANSWER-the animal is anesthetized prior to the surgical procedure and then recovers from the anesthesia what is considered a painful procedure for an animal - CORRECT ANSWER-current standards of animal care define a painful procedure as any procedure that may reasonably be expected to cause pain in a human being what type of surgery is being performed - CORRECT ANSWER-survival surgery ; cutting into abdominal cavity of the rats ; unilateral ovaiectomy name for anesthetic injection that is under the skin - CORRECT ANSWER-subcutaneous, subQ, or SC injection name for anesthetic injection that is directly into a muscle - CORRECT ANSWER-intramuscular or IM injection name for anesthetic injection that is into the abdominal cavity - CORRECT ANSWER-intraperitoneal or IP injection name for anesthetic injection that is directly into the circulatory system - CORRECT ANSWER-intravenous or IV injection who will handle drug administration? - CORRECT ANSWER-TAs and lab coordinator what anesthesia will first be administered and how - CORRECT ANSWER-combination of ketamine and xylazine in one syringe ; administered as a single IP injection ketamine - CORRECT ANSWER-is a sedative that sends an organism into a dreamlike state xylazine - CORRECT ANSWER-is a muscle relaxant and also acts as a analgesic (painkiller) what anesthesia is administered next and how? - CORRECT ANSWER-a SC injection of bupivacaine local anesthetic (provides additional analgesic) administered after the rat has been shaved and marked but before the incision what can be administered next? - CORRECT ANSWER-ketoprofen can be administered SC post-operation as an additional analgesic as the xylazine and bupivacaine wear off in some cases what other anesthesia can be administered - CORRECT ANSWER-atipamezole can be administered IP to reverse effects of xylazine and bupivacaine potential side effect of ketamine and xylazine (combo) - CORRECT ANSWER-hypothermia (keep animals warm) breed of rat being used - CORRECT ANSWER-Sprague-Dawley rats what to wear/how to pick up the rat - CORRECT ANSWER-always wear a lab coat (or gown) and gloves always pick the animal up by the base of the tail (close to the body, not the tip -- it could break off) immediately put the rat on a surface where its weight is supported (dont hold by tail for more than a few seconds) how often will rat be checked for depth of anesthesia - CORRECT ANSWER-regularly prior to and during the surgery every 5 minutes post surgery -- checked at least twice a day for any signs of pain or distress aseptic technique - CORRECT ANSWER-surgeons must maintain a sterile surgical field, use sterile instruments, and wear masks, gowns, and sterile gloves 4 parts to preparing for the surgeries - CORRECT ANSWER-1. preparation of the rat 2. preparation of the surgeons 3. preparation of the surgical area 4. preparation of the recovery area will require both aseptic (sterile) and non-sterile student workspaces who will be non-sterile - CORRECT ANSWER-students preparing the rat and obtaining setup materials who will be sterile at all times - CORRECT ANSWER-students performing surgery and handling the prepared rat what will each group consist of - CORRECT ANSWER-a sterile surgeon, a sterile surgical assistant, a non-sterile anesthesiologist and a non-sterile surgical assistant what will all team members wear - CORRECT ANSWER-surgical gown (color will indicate sterile or non-sterile), face mask, hairnet, gloves (sterile and non-sterile) , arm sleeve (anesthesiologist only) anesthesiologist responsibilities - CORRECT ANSWER-prepping rat for surgery and making sure the rat doesnt experience pain during the surgery check depth of anesthesia every 5 minutes watch the rat for twitches, movement, or any signs of distress also responsible for animal's immediate post-surgical recovery keep detailed records and remain with rat at all times record exact dosages of analgesics (given before, during, and after surgery); note response or lack thereof to periodic depth of anesthesia checks non-sterile assistant responsibilities - CORRECT ANSWER-facilitating aseptic technique protocols; will be non-sterile but working closely with sterile surgeons surgeons contact between the sterile surgical area and rest of the world deliver sterile items (outside of box is non-sterile; surgeons can only touch inside of box) deliver syringe of saline during surgery watch surgery carefully -- if see surgeon touch something that is non-sterile (break sterile field) you must alert group sterile surgical assistant responsibilities - CORRECT ANSWER-wear sterile gloves and work within sterile field (both surgeons) hands instruments to the lead as needed secures fenestrated drape makes sure aseptic technique is observed aids with any other procedures as necessary if lead surgeon breaks sterile field, the assistant will serve as lead surgeon (complete suturing or any other surgical task whole lead surgeon is away) sterile lead surgeon responsibilities - CORRECT ANSWER-makes incisions through the rat's skin and abdominal wall, isolates the uterine horn and ovary, clamps, ligates, and cuts the ovary away, and sutures the abdominal wall and staples the skin closed how to start prep - CORRECT ANSWER-anesthesiologist prepares the animal area and the rat, while the surgeons and assistant prepare the surgical area (team should work to get anesthesiologist gowned and gloved first) after anesthesia is given, anesthesiologist is responsible to receive and care for rat as it falls asleep -- once asleep, prepare rat for surgery how long is rat unconscious for - CORRECT ANSWER-~45 minutes -- so start surgery as soon as rat is ready how will anesthesiologist check for depth of anesthesia - CORRECT ANSWER-2 ways: 1) check for presence of deep pain reflex by firmly pinching the animals toe 2) corneal reflex by gently touching the animals eye with a gloved finger preparation of the rat - CORRECT ANSWER-performed by anesthesiologist can be prepared before anesthesia is fully in effect apply sterile ophthalmic ointment to each of the animals eyes; spread it by opening and closing the eyelids (keeps eyes from drying out) using hair clippers, shave the hair from the surgical site (TA will show) -- better to shave a larger area than you think you'll need ear punch rat TA will draw dotted line to mark incision site ; anesthesiologist can leave rat to retrieve local anesthetic (bupivacaine) disinfect the surgical area by first dabbing the dotted line with an alcohol swab and then wiping away from center and toward edges of shaved area in a spiral patter; next dab and wipe in the same way with iodine swab; once more with alcohol swab where is incision site - CORRECT ANSWER-soft part of the lateral abdomen, fifteen to twenty millimeters below (ventral to) the lumbar muscles and halfway between the (posterior) edge of the rib cage and the hind leg how can you prevent hypothermia - CORRECT ANSWER-place a few paper towels between the rat and the brown paper covering the lab bench how do rats thermoregulate - CORRECT ANSWER-through their tails -- so make sure tail is positioned on the paper towels preparation of the surgeons and non-sterile assistant - CORRECT ANSWER-prepare surgical area while anesthesiologist is prepping rat tie hair back; remove any jewelry; put on gowns preparation of surgical area - CORRECT ANSWER-with help of surgeons, the non-sterile assistant prepares the surgical area