Mosby's - Anatomy and Physiology

Mosby's - Anatomy and Physiology

Auditory system - ANS[HBEC] Responsible for hearing, balance, equilibrium, and
communication skills
[RINKY-DINKY-TYMPANIC]
[MIS-EU]
[L-CVS], canal = conn
[SLP, conn, TTRT]

[E] Auricle;
auditory canal;
tympanic membrane - ANSServes as entrance for sound into the ear;
Links the external ear to the tympanic membrane;
Protects the middle ear from foreign objects and transmits sound waves to the middle ear

[M] Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup);
eustachian tube - ANSTransmits sound waves;
Connects middle ear to the nasopharynx - relieves the change of pressure between the outside
and inside of the ear during swallowing or yawning

[I] Labyrinth;
cochlea;
vestibule;
semicircular canal - ANSTransmits audible sounds via nerve impulses;
Transmits impulses to the brain;
Responsible for equilibrium and balance;
Transfer of messages via acoustic nerve

Cardiovascular system; SAP-waves, NO [HAV-C] [ENDO-MYO-EPI] - ANSThe heart is a muscle
that initiates systemic arterial pulse waves, causing blood to circulate throughout the body and
supply it with nutrition and oxygen

Heart: pumps blood that supplies nutrients and oxygen throughout the body
Arteries: carries oxygenated blood and nutrients to the tissues and organs [AO-VD]
Veins: returns deoxygenated blood to the hear
Capillaries: connect arteries (oxy blood away from heart) to veins (vessels that return blood to
heart); exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells

Systemic circulation - ANSCarries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries,
to the capillaries in the tissues of the body; provides the functional blood supply to all body
tissue; carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products

, Aorta - ANSThe largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and
extending down to the abdomen; the aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body
through the systemic circulation

Endocardium;
myocardium;
epicardium - ANSInner layer of the heart wall that allows the heart wall to collapse when it
contracts; middle layer of the heart wall that contracts; outer layer of the heart wall

Superior vena cava;
inferior vena cava - ANSTransports venous blood from the upper portion of the body to the
heart; transports venous blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart

Left ventricle;
right ventricle - ANSContracts and expels oxygenated blood into the aorta; expels blood through
the pulmonary arteries to the lungs

Left atrium;
right atrium - ANSReceives oxygenated blood from the lungs; receives blood from the body
[right-BODY, LEFT-LUNGS]

Digestive system [DAME] [GM-SPE-SL] - ANSResponsible for the digestion, absorption,
metabolism, and excretion (elimination) of food; organs of the digestive system include the
mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectal
area

Gallbladder; mouth - ANSSmall organ that aids mainly in fat digestion and concentrates bile
produced by the liver; chews food

Salivary gland; pharynx; esophagus - ANSSecretes the enzyme amylase used to break down
carbohydrates;
Connects the mouth to the esophagus;
Transports food from the mouth to the stomach

Pancreas (2) [IGSP-AD] - ANSBoth an endocrine gland producing several important hormones,
including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide [IGSP]; AND a digestive
organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist in the absorption of
nutrients and the digestion in the small intestine

Stomach; rectum - ANSReleases acid to break down food;
Excretes fecal matter from the body

Small intestine; large intestine [A-R/E] - ANSAbsorbs nutrients from digested food;
Reabsorbs water back into body + excretes or eliminates food from the body