Respiratory System (Exam Review) Questions and Answers 100% pass

Respiratory System (Exam Review) Questions and Answers 100% pass By what process does gas exchange occur? - ANS- Diffusion Describe exhalation. - ANS- Air move out of the body Describe how carbon dioxide is transported. - ANS- It can be transported in three ways: combined with water to form carbonic acid, combined with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, and dissolved in blood's plasma. Describe how external respiration occurs. - ANS- Exchange of O₂ and CO₂ between the air and the blood in the alveoli. (occurs in the lungs/air) Describe inhalation. - ANS- Air moves into the body Describe internal respiration. - ANS- O₂ moves out of the blood and into the cells, CO₂ moves out of the cells and into the blood. (occurs in tissues between cells) Describe the structure of the alveoli. - ANS- Tiny chamber, walls are only one cell thick, surrounded by capillaries. Describe the structure of the trachea. - ANS- - Round tube - 12 cm - 2.5 cm wide - Held open by rings of cartilage - Lined with cilia and mucuc to help protect the lungs How do we talk? How does pitch change? - ANS- When you exhale, the vocal cords vibrate, you control how they vibrate which allows you to speak. How does the structure of the respiratory system allow for gas exchange? - ANS- Membranes of the alveoli are very thin, allowing diffusion of gases across How many alveoli does each lung contain? - ANS- 300 million How many lobes does the left lung have? - ANS- 2 lobes How many lobes does the right lung have? - ANS- 3 lobes Trace the pathway that air follows from the trachea to the alveoli. - ANS- Trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes, bronchioles, alveoli What are the four stages of gas exchange? - ANS- (1) Breathing (2) External respiration (3) Internal respiration (4) O₂ and CO₂ transport What are the major organs of the respiratory system in the order that the 0₂ molecule would travel through them. - ANS- Nose and nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli. What are the two functions of the pleura? - ANS- - Protect the lungs - Touches the walls of the chest, sticks to ribs so the lungs move when the ribs do What are the two stages of breathing? - ANS- Inhalation and exhalation What are the two steps that happen when you hiccup? - ANS- (1) The diaphragm contracts invountarily because the nerve is irritated (2) Causes space between the vocal cords to snap shut with a clicking sound What carries oxygen? - ANS- Hemoglobin What causes snoring? - ANS- When people breathe through their mouth, the uvula at the back of the mouth vibrates. What determines whether hemoglobin combines with or releases oxygen? - ANS- The amount of O₂ surrounding the hemoglobin What happens when you yawn? - ANS- CO₂ levels increase, and the medulla tells the respiratory system to increase the rate and depth of breathing to reset the gas level to normal. What is an average breathing rate? - ANS- 12 -15 breathes per minute What is carbon monoxide poisoning? - ANS- Hemoglobin binds to CO and not to O₂, causing suffocation What is the average vital capacity for men? - ANS- 4500 cm3 What is the equation for cellular respiration? - ANS- C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + energy What is the expiratory reserve? - ANS- The extra air pushed out after normal exhalation What is the function of the cilia and mucus? - ANS- Particles are trapped in the mucus and the cilia move the mucus with foreign material up to the pharynx What is the function of the epiglottis? - ANS- Closes when you swallow so food enters the esophagus and not the trachea. What is the function of the hairs in the nostrils? - ANS- Filter the air What is the inspiratory reserve? - ANS- The extra air inhaled after normal inhalation. What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the lungs? - ANS- Pleura What is the residual air capacity? - ANS- Air left in lungs that cannot be exhaled What is the tidal volume? - ANS- Amount of air moved by normal breathing while at rest -shallow breath What is the total surface are of the lungs? - ANS- 70 m2 What is the vital capacity for women? - ANS- 3200 cm3 What is the vital capacity? - ANS- Tidal volume + Expiratory reserve + Inspiratory reserve What organ should the air enter the respiratory system? - ANS- Nose What separates the chest from the abdominal cavity? - ANS- Diaphragm What stimulates you to breathe? - ANS- Chemoreceptor in the aorta moniter the CO₂ levels; when they increase, breathing rates increase, when CO₂ decreases, breathing rate decreases What three features are found in the nasal cavity? What does each do? - ANS- - Hairs (filters the air) - Mucus (humidifies the air)