Anatomy & Physiology- Midterm Exam study guide Questions And Answers

Define Anatomy and Physiology. Tell how they are related terms and how the studies are different. - ANS -Anatomy: the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts -Physiology: the study of how the body and its parts work or function -The parts of your body form a well-organized unit and each of those parts has a job to do to make it operate as a whole Major functions and organs within- INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM - ANS -Skin forms the external body covering -It water proofs the body and protects the deeper tissues from injury -Also excretes salt and urea to help regulate body temp. -Temp. pressure and pain receptors Major functions and organs within- SKELETAL SYSTEM - ANS -Consists of bone, cartilage, ligaments and joints -Protects and supports body organs and provides a frame work the muscles use to cause movement -Hematopoiesis, which the formation of blood cells takes place within the cavities of the skeleton is a store house for minerals Major functions and organs within- MUSCULAR SYSTEM - ANS -To contract, causes movement -Maintains posture and produces heat -Organs involved: skeleton muscles Major functions and organs within- NERVOUS SYSTEM - ANS -Fast acting control system of body -Organs involved: brain, nerves, spinal cord -Respons to changes in the environment by activating muscles or glands Major functions and organs within- ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - ANS -Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth and reproduction -Organs involved: pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, phymus gland, adrenal gland, testies and ovary Major functions and organs within- CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - ANS -Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste -Heart pumps blood -White blood cells and chemicals in blood protect the body from invaders Major functions and organs within- LYMPHATIC SYSTEM - ANS Complements that of cardiovascular system -Its organs include, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen and tonsils -The vessels return fluid leaked from the blood back to the blood vessels so that the blood can continuously circulate -Houses white blood cells -Involved with immunity Major functions and organs within- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - ANS -To keep the body constantly supplies with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide -Consists of the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs -Within the lungs are tiny air sacs and gasses are transported to and from the blood through the thin walls of these air sacs Major functions and organs within- DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - ANS -A tube running through the body from the moth to the anus -Organs include the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine and rectum -Their role is to break down the food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal to the body cells Major functions and organs within- URINARY SYSTEM - ANS -Eliminates nitrogen-containign waste from then odd; regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood -Composed of kidney, ureters, bladder and urethra Major functions and organs within- REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - ANS Male and Female Reproductive System -Production of offspring -The testies of the male produce sperm other structures are scrotum, penis -The ovaries of the female produce eggs; consists of uterine tubes The ovaries and testes are included in which two body systems? - ANS -Production of offspring -The testies of the male produce sperm other structures are scrotum, penis -The ovaries of the female produce eggs; consists of uterine tubes What is homeostasis? - ANS -Describes the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing What are the five elements of a homeostatic control system? (page 16 & 17: Figure 1.4) - ANS 1. stimulus - produces change in variable 2. receptor- detects change 3. input - information is sent along afferent pathway to control center 4. output - information is sent along efferent pathway to effector 5. response - effector feeds back to reduce the effect of stimulus and returns variable to homeostatic level How is an afferent pathway different from an efferent pathway? - ANS afferent pathway approaches the control center and efferent pathway exist the control center