FINAL BIOD 152
1. Nerve: This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system.
2. Parasympathetic: This part of the autonomic system increases digestion.
3. Sensory (afferent): The dorsal root of a nerve contains what type of neurons?
4. Axon: This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.
5. F. B&D: A neuron going to the bicep of the forearm is part of the:
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Autonomic system
D. Somatic system
E. A&C
F. B&D
6. B. Multipolar: The neuron pictured, below, is best described as:
A. Bipolar
B. Multipolar
C. Unipolar
D. Pseudounipolar
7. True: True or false: Neurons do not physically touch one another.
8. The neuron cell body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in
secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals: Describe the synthesis and storage of
neurotransmitters.
9. A. From the central to the peripheral nervous system: An efferent neuron carries
information:
A. From the central to the peripheral nervous system
B. From the peripheral to the central nervous system
C. Within the central nervous system
D. Within the peripheral nervous system
10. B. after the synapse: A postsynaptic neuron would be found:
A. before the synapse
B. after the synapse
C. inside the synapse
D. Only in the central nervous system
11. Location: peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Function: Regulation of environment of neuron cell bodies: What is the location and
function of Satellite cells?
12. No, only the peripheral system axons are capable of regeneration. The spinal cord
is the central nervous system: A patient's spinal cord was severed in
, FINAL BIOD 152
a car accident. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their spinal cord? Why or
why not?
13. This is phase 4: afterpolarization (hyperpolarization), the pot are assium gates
slow to clse and that results in an undershoot of the potenti will drop al, the voltage
below -70mV and the return to the restign state beings. describe what is : Name and
occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 4 o Include the charge of f the diagram.
the membrane during this phase.
14. A. -70 mV: At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is:
A. -70 mV
B. +40 mV
C. Hyperpolarized
D. Depolarized
15. D. The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane-
: Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump?
A. it maintains the resting phase of an axon
B. For every three sodium ions pumped out, two potassium ions are pumped in
C. it must remain in constant operation to maintain the resting state
D. The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane
16. False, there is no variation in the strength of action potentials. (It is an all-or-
nothing response). There is variation in the number and frequency of neurons
firing: True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of extreme pain. This means
that the strength of the action potential is greater than usual. Explain your reasoning
17. A. Sodium ions release from the presynaptic motor neuron: Which of the
following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction?
A. Sodium ions release from the presynaptic motor neuron
B. Calcium ions release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to cause muscle contrac- tion
C. Sodium channels open on the muscle fibers in response to the neurotransmitter
D. The NMJ is found in the peripheral nervous system
18. The short extension of neurotransmitters in the synpase prevents coni- nous
stimulation. Some synapses contain enzymes that rapidly inactivate
neurotransmitters and other synpases rapidly absord the neurotransmitters.-
: What prevents continuous stimulation of a nerve synapse and how is this accom- plished?
19. Acetylcholine (ACh): What neurotransmitter is found at the neuromuscular
junctions?
20. False (only one direction in the same neuron): True or False: Action potentials travel in
multiple directions within the same neuron.
, FINAL BIOD 152
21. False: True or False: Reflexes occur only with conscious intervention from the brain
22. sensory (afferent): Fill in the blank: In a reflex, the neuron
conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the central nervous system.
23. CNS (central nervous system): Where is the integration center of a reflex
located?
24. D. Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely
voluntary: Which of the following is false about reflexes?
A. Reflexes do not require higher levels of voluntary processing from the brain
B.Regulation of blood sugar by hormones is one example of a reflex
C. Some reflexes can be tested to determine injury
D. Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary
25. A. The effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle: What is false about the stretch
reflex?
A. the effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle
B. The patellar reflex test the stretch reflex of the quadriceps femoris
C. The muscle is spindle detects stretch within the muscle
D. Stretch reflexes help to decrease the stretch on a muscle
26. F. B&C: What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?
A. It does not involve interneurons
B. It involves excitatory interneurons
C. It involves inhibitory interneurons
D. The effect of the reflex is to create a co-contraction of two muscles
E. A&D
F. B& C
27. Stretch reflex: Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon), muscle spindle
detects stretch, afferent (sensory) neuron through the DRG, spinal cord, synapses
directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
*No interneuron*
action: to muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot): Your doctor taps on your
patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the reflex he is
testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex.
28. Myelin increase nerve conduction speed and protects the nerve. If the myelin is
damaged, the conduction speed would be slower than normal, and the nerve axon
itself would be vulnerable to permanent damage without
the myelin present for protection: Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease which
attacks the myelin sheath of the nerve axon. Patients with this disease may
1. Nerve: This is a bundle of axons found in the peripheral nervous system.
2. Parasympathetic: This part of the autonomic system increases digestion.
3. Sensory (afferent): The dorsal root of a nerve contains what type of neurons?
4. Axon: This part of a neuron conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.
5. F. B&D: A neuron going to the bicep of the forearm is part of the:
A. central nervous system
B. peripheral nervous system
C. Autonomic system
D. Somatic system
E. A&C
F. B&D
6. B. Multipolar: The neuron pictured, below, is best described as:
A. Bipolar
B. Multipolar
C. Unipolar
D. Pseudounipolar
7. True: True or false: Neurons do not physically touch one another.
8. The neuron cell body manufactures neurotransmitters, which are stored in
secretory vesicles at the end of axon terminals: Describe the synthesis and storage of
neurotransmitters.
9. A. From the central to the peripheral nervous system: An efferent neuron carries
information:
A. From the central to the peripheral nervous system
B. From the peripheral to the central nervous system
C. Within the central nervous system
D. Within the peripheral nervous system
10. B. after the synapse: A postsynaptic neuron would be found:
A. before the synapse
B. after the synapse
C. inside the synapse
D. Only in the central nervous system
11. Location: peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Function: Regulation of environment of neuron cell bodies: What is the location and
function of Satellite cells?
12. No, only the peripheral system axons are capable of regeneration. The spinal cord
is the central nervous system: A patient's spinal cord was severed in
, FINAL BIOD 152
a car accident. Would the patient be expected to regrow axons in their spinal cord? Why or
why not?
13. This is phase 4: afterpolarization (hyperpolarization), the pot are assium gates
slow to clse and that results in an undershoot of the potenti will drop al, the voltage
below -70mV and the return to the restign state beings. describe what is : Name and
occurring in the neuron cell membrane in section 4 o Include the charge of f the diagram.
the membrane during this phase.
14. A. -70 mV: At rest, a neuron plasma membrane is:
A. -70 mV
B. +40 mV
C. Hyperpolarized
D. Depolarized
15. D. The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane-
: Which of the following is false concerning the sodium-potassium pump?
A. it maintains the resting phase of an axon
B. For every three sodium ions pumped out, two potassium ions are pumped in
C. it must remain in constant operation to maintain the resting state
D. The overall effect is a negative charge on the outside of the membrane
16. False, there is no variation in the strength of action potentials. (It is an all-or-
nothing response). There is variation in the number and frequency of neurons
firing: True or false: A sensory neuron is signaling the body of extreme pain. This means
that the strength of the action potential is greater than usual. Explain your reasoning
17. A. Sodium ions release from the presynaptic motor neuron: Which of the
following statements is false concerning the neuromuscular junction?
A. Sodium ions release from the presynaptic motor neuron
B. Calcium ions release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to cause muscle contrac- tion
C. Sodium channels open on the muscle fibers in response to the neurotransmitter
D. The NMJ is found in the peripheral nervous system
18. The short extension of neurotransmitters in the synpase prevents coni- nous
stimulation. Some synapses contain enzymes that rapidly inactivate
neurotransmitters and other synpases rapidly absord the neurotransmitters.-
: What prevents continuous stimulation of a nerve synapse and how is this accom- plished?
19. Acetylcholine (ACh): What neurotransmitter is found at the neuromuscular
junctions?
20. False (only one direction in the same neuron): True or False: Action potentials travel in
multiple directions within the same neuron.
, FINAL BIOD 152
21. False: True or False: Reflexes occur only with conscious intervention from the brain
22. sensory (afferent): Fill in the blank: In a reflex, the neuron
conducts nerve impulses along a pathway towards the central nervous system.
23. CNS (central nervous system): Where is the integration center of a reflex
located?
24. D. Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely
voluntary: Which of the following is false about reflexes?
A. Reflexes do not require higher levels of voluntary processing from the brain
B.Regulation of blood sugar by hormones is one example of a reflex
C. Some reflexes can be tested to determine injury
D. Pulling a hand away from a hot flame is not a reflex; it is entirely voluntary
25. A. The effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle: What is false about the stretch
reflex?
A. the effect of the motor signal is to relax a muscle
B. The patellar reflex test the stretch reflex of the quadriceps femoris
C. The muscle is spindle detects stretch within the muscle
D. Stretch reflexes help to decrease the stretch on a muscle
26. F. B&C: What is true about the flexor withdrawal reflex?
A. It does not involve interneurons
B. It involves excitatory interneurons
C. It involves inhibitory interneurons
D. The effect of the reflex is to create a co-contraction of two muscles
E. A&D
F. B& C
27. Stretch reflex: Stretch on patellar tendon (tapping patellar tendon), muscle spindle
detects stretch, afferent (sensory) neuron through the DRG, spinal cord, synapses
directly on a motor neuron (efferent)
*No interneuron*
action: to muscle fiber to contract quadriceps (kicking foot): Your doctor taps on your
patellar tendon. List out the steps, in detail, of the nervous pathway of the reflex he is
testing. Include any sensory organs involved and the action of the reflex.
28. Myelin increase nerve conduction speed and protects the nerve. If the myelin is
damaged, the conduction speed would be slower than normal, and the nerve axon
itself would be vulnerable to permanent damage without
the myelin present for protection: Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease which
attacks the myelin sheath of the nerve axon. Patients with this disease may
