Btec Applied Science Unit One Biology Exam Questions With Accurate Answers.

Btec Applied Science Unit One Biology Exam Questions With Accurate Answers. What is the function of the mitochondria? - answercellular respiration What is the function of the ribosomes? - answerprotein synthesis What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - answerSynthesis and transport of lipids and carbohydrates What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? - answerModified and packaged proteins into vesicles for transport What is the function of the lysosomes? - answerDigests old cell material and waste What is the function of the centrioles? - answerForm into spindle fibres for cell division What is the function of the chloroplasts? - answerphotosynthesis What is the function of the tonoplasts? - answerThe membrane around the vacuole to keep it together What is the function of the vacuole? - answerMaintain turgid pressure in the plant cell What is the function of the plasmodestmata? - answerTo allow materials to pass through the cell wall What is the function of the amyloplasts? - answerStarch synthesis and storage Name three organelles which are only in plant cells - answerVacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall Define eukaryotic cells - answerAre part of a multicellular organisms Define prokaryotic cells - answerAre unicellular organisms Name two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - answerEukaryotic has a nucleus but prokaryotic doesn't my eukaryotic has a membrane bound organelles while prokaryotic doesn't What two dyes are used to show gram positive and gram negative bacteria? - answerCrystal violet and safranin Describe the difference between gram positive and gram negative? - answerGram negative has thin cell walls so the ethanol washes out the crystal violet, so they appear safranin pink. Gram positive appears purple Describe the key features of a sperm cell? - answerAcross one to penetrate the egg, tail for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy Describe the features of egg cells? - answerHormones to attract the speed, zona pellucuda to protect the egg, corona radiate to supply protein to developing foetus What is TEM? - answerTransmission electron microscope What is SEM? - answerScanning electron microscope Compare TEM and SEM - answerTEM produces images of thin slices of material whereas SEM looks at the surface topography. Both are very magnified compared to the light microscopes and require dead samples. Describe how a light microscope works - answerLight microscopes use visible light and magnifying lenses to observe small objects Describe how an electron microscope works - answerThey use a beam of electrons in a vacuum with a wavelength of less than 1 nm to visualise the specimen Give one positive and one limitation of light microscopes - answerPositive - can observe living structures Negative - relatively low magnification (x500) and resolution (x200nm) Give one positive and one negative of electron microscopes - answerPositive - high magnification (x500000) and resolution (0.1nm) Negative - destroys the sample Magnification equation - answermagnification = image size/actual size Describe the key features of a palisade cell - answerFound in leaves, they are rectangular box shaped cells that contain chloroplasts. The chloroplasts can absorb light for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts move around in the cytoplasm to maximise the amount of light absorbed Describe the key features of a root hair cell - answerFound in a plants roots near the growing tip. They have long hair like extensions called root hairs. They increase the surface area of the cell to maximise the movement of water and minerals. Describe the key features of a red blood cell (erythrocytes) - answerBiconcave in shape increases the surface area to volume ratio. They are flexible so that they can squeeze through the narrow capillaries. They have no nucleus, this increases space for haemoglobin to carry oxygen