现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了 Contents
Chapter 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到 Pages
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(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
(2) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
面。
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
现代科技对社会的影响
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
(3) 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL .................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC面。 ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS现代科技对社会的影响 ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE .................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
(4) ORGANOTROPIC互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技 DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR 面。 TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS 现代科技对社会的影响
TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了 (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
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PART I HYPOTHALAMIC 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
& PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID , STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC面。& ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
现代科技对社会的影响
PART VIII AGENTS THAT AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID, MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
(6) CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
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PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
面。
现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
Multiple choice questions
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
Multiple choice questions
, 现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了 5
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
OF PHARMACOLOGY
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PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
c) The study of mechanisms
面。 of drug action
d) The study of methods of new drug development
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy 现代科技对社会的影响
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
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a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
in the organism
03. What does “pharmacokinetics”
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
include?
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug 面。 action
c) Excretion of substances
d) Interaction of substances 现代科技对社会的影响
04. The main mechanism of most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
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05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
b) Non-ionized substances
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
c) Hydrophobic substances
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
d) Hydrophilic substances
06. A hydrophilic medicinal面。agent has the following property:
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
现代科技对社会的影响
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in renal tubules
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
b) Transport without energy consumption
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c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
degree of substance
b) Permeability through对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance 面。 in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters of blood 现代科技对社会的影响
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
b) Transdermal
c) Rectal 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
d) Intraduodenal 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
面。
现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
Multiple choice questions
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
Multiple choice questions
, 现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了 6
b) Oral 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
c) Intravenous 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
d) Intramuscular
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
12. What is characteristic of the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
b) Absorption depends 对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
on GI tract secretion and motor function
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
面。 forms is obligatory
d) The sterilization of medicinal
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption 现代科技对社会的影响
b) A drug is exposed to gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
b) Oral
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c) Sublingual 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
d) Inhalation
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with 对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
unconsciousness patients
b) Generally results in a面。
less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration
d) Is too slow for emergency use
现代科技对社会的影响
16. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be 在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
injected
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
slower, than at oral administration
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17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
b) False
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
面。
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
现代科技对社会的影响
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True
b) False
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
b) Cell membranes 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
a drug
b) Meningitis
c) Absence of pores in面。 the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
现代科技对社会的影响
22. The volume of distribution (Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose to a body weight
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
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a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
面。 interstitial and cell fluids:
widely distributing in plasma,
现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
Multiple choice questions
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
Multiple choice questions
, 现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
7
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
a) True 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
b) False
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
25. The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
面。
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized 现代科技对社会的影响
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble
d) Less lipid soluble 在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
b) Water soluble
c) Low molecular weight带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
d) High molecular weight系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation面。results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
现代科技对社会的影响
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
d) Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
30. Metabolic transformation 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
(phase 1) is:
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
d) Binding to plasma proteins
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal
面。 substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in organism 现代科技对社会的影响
d) Higher binding to membranes
32. Conjugation is: 在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
with an endogenous substrate
d) Solubilization in lipids
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
b) Reduction
c) Oxidation
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
d) Hydrolysis 面。
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation 现代科技对社会的影响
b) Sulfate formation
c) Hydrolysis
d) Methylation 在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True
b) False 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is: 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
a) Decreased
b) Enlarged 对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
c) Remained unchanged 面。
d) Changed insignificantly
现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
Multiple choice questions
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
Multiple choice questions
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了 Contents
Chapter 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到 Pages
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY ............................................................................................... 5
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
PART II PHARMACODYNAMICS .................................................................................................................................... 8
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
(2) AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ................. 12
面。
PART I LOCAL ANESTHETICS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
PART II CHOLINOMIMETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 16
现代科技对社会的影响
PART III CHOLINORECEPTOR BLOCKING DRUGS............................................................................................................................................. 19
PART IV ADRENORECEPTOR ACTIVATING DRUGS.......................................................................................................................................... 24
PART V ADRENORECEPTOR在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
ANTAGONIST DRUGS .......................................................................................................................................... 29
(3) 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
AGENTS, CONTROLLING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................ 34
PART I HYPNOTIC DRUGS互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
PART II ANTISEIZURE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
PART III ANTIPARKINSONIAN AGENTS .............................................................................................................................................................. 41
PART IV ETHYL ALCOHOL .................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
PART V NARCOTIC ANALGESICS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
PART VI NON-NARCOTIC面。 ANALGESICS ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
PART VII ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................................................... 51
PART VIII ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS现代科技对社会的影响 ............................................................................................................................................................... 54
PART IX ANXIOLYTIC AGENTS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 57
PART X CNS STIMULANTS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
PART XI DRUGS OF ABUSE .................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
PART XII GENERAL ANESTHETICS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
(4) ORGANOTROPIC互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
AGENTS .................................................................................................................................. 68
PART I DRUGS ACTING ON 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................................... 68
PART II DRUGS USED IN GASTROINTESTINAL 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技 DISEASES ............................................................................................................................... 70
PART III DRUGS ACTING对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方ON HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 73
PART IV DRUGS USED IN DISORDERS OF COAGULATION.............................................................................................................................. 74
PART V DRUGS USED FOR 面。 TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE ........................................................................................................................ 76
PART VI ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 78
PART VII DRUGS FOR ANGINA PECTORIS 现代科技对社会的影响
TREATMENT ................................................................................................................................ 80
PART VIII ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
PART IX HYPERTENSIVE在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了 (ANTI-HYPOTENSIVE) DRUGS. DRUGS INFLUENCING CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ANTI-MIGRAINE
AGENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
(5) METABOLIC PROFILE DRUGS .......................................................................................................................... 88
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PART I HYPOTHALAMIC 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
& PITUITARY HORMONES, THYROID & ANTITHYROID DRUGS .................................................................. 88
PART II PANCREATIC HORMONES & ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ...................................................................................................................... 91
PART III THE GONADAL 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
HORMONES & INHIBITORS ..................................................................................................................................... 93
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
PART IV GLUCOCORTICOID , STEROIDAL & NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.......................................................... 95
PART V IMMUNOTROPIC面。& ANTIALLERGIC AGENTS .................................................................................................................................... 98
PART VI VITAMINS, VITAMIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS, ANTIVITAMINS, ENZYMES & ANTIENZYMES ................................................. 104
PART VII ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUGS & DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT ............................................................... 110
现代科技对社会的影响
PART VIII AGENTS THAT AFFECT BONE MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS ....................................................................................................... 114
PART IX MINERALOCORTICOID, MINERALOCORTICOID ANTAGONISTS, DIURETICS, PLASMA EXPANDERS ............................. 120
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
(6) CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ....................................................................................................................... 124
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
PART I ANTIBIOTICS .................................................................................................................................................... 124
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
PART II SYNTHETIC ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ....................................................................................................... 129
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
PART III ANTIPROTOZOAL AND ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS ................................................................................... 132
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
PART IV ANTIVIRAL AGENTS. AGENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER .................................................. 135
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
面。
现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
Multiple choice questions
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
Multiple choice questions
, 现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了 5
(1) GENERAL PRINCIPLES人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
OF PHARMACOLOGY
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
PART I PHARMACOKINETICS
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
01. Pharmacokinetics is:
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
c) The study of mechanisms
面。 of drug action
d) The study of methods of new drug development
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
a) Complications of drug therapy 现代科技对社会的影响
b) Drug biotransformation in the organism
c) Influence of drugs on在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
metabolism processes
d) Influence of drugs on genes
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
02. What does “pharmacokinetics” include?
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
a) Pharmacological effects of drugs
b) Unwanted effects of drugs
c) Chemical structure of带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
a medicinal agent
d) Distribution of drugs系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
in the organism
03. What does “pharmacokinetics”
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
include?
a) Localization of drug action
b) Mechanisms of drug 面。 action
c) Excretion of substances
d) Interaction of substances 现代科技对社会的影响
04. The main mechanism of most drugs absorption in GI tract is:
a) Active transport (carrier-mediated diffusion)
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
b) Filtration (aqueous diffusion)
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
c) Endocytosis and exocytosis
d) Passive diffusion (lipid diffusion)
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05. What kind of substances can’t permeate membranes by passive diffusion?
a) Lipid-soluble 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
b) Non-ionized substances
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
c) Hydrophobic substances
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
d) Hydrophilic substances
06. A hydrophilic medicinal面。agent has the following property:
a) Low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
b) Penetrate through membranes by means of endocytosis
现代科技对社会的影响
c) Easy permeation through the blood-brain barrier
d) High reabsorption in renal tubules
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
07. What is implied by «active transport»?
a) Transport of drugs trough a membrane by means of diffusion
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
b) Transport without energy consumption
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c) Engulf of drug by a cell membrane with a new vesicle formation
d) Transport against concentration gradient
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
08. What does the term “bioavailability” mean?
a) Plasma protein binding系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
degree of substance
b) Permeability through对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
the brain-blood barrier
c) Fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation following any route administration
d) Amount of a substance 面。 in urine relative to the initial doze
09. The reasons determing bioavailability are:
a) Rheological parameters of blood 现代科技对社会的影响
b) Amount of a substance obtained orally and quantity of intakes
c) Extent of absorption and hepatic first-pass effect
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
d) Glomerular filtration rate
10. Pick out the appropriate人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
a) Oral 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
b) Transdermal
c) Rectal 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
d) Intraduodenal 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
11. Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to the first-pass effect?
a) Sublingual
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
面。
现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
Multiple choice questions
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
Multiple choice questions
, 现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了 6
b) Oral 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
c) Intravenous 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
d) Intramuscular
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
12. What is characteristic of the oral route?
a) Fast onset of effect 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
b) Absorption depends 对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
on GI tract secretion and motor function
c) A drug reaches the blood passing the liver
面。 forms is obligatory
d) The sterilization of medicinal
13. Tick the feature of the sublingual route:
a) Pretty fast absorption 现代科技对社会的影响
b) A drug is exposed to gastric secretion
c) A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
d) A drug can be administrated in a variety of doses
14. Pick out the parenteral 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
route of medicinal agent administration:
a) Rectal
b) Oral
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
c) Sublingual 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
d) Inhalation
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
15. Parenteral administration:
a) Cannot be used with 对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
unconsciousness patients
b) Generally results in a面。
less accurate dosage than oral administration
c) Usually produces a more rapid response than oral administration
d) Is too slow for emergency use
现代科技对社会的影响
16. What is characteristic of the intramuscular route of drug administration?
a) Only water solutions can be injected
b) Oily solutions can be 在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
injected
c) Opportunity of hypertonic solution injections
d) The action develops 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
slower, than at oral administration
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
17. Intravenous injections are more suitable for oily solutions:
a) True 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
b) False
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
18. Correct statements listing characteristics of a particular route of drug administration include all of the following EXCEPT:
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
a) Intravenous administration provides a rapid response
b) Intramuscular administration requires a sterile technique
面。
c) Inhalation provides slow access to the general circulation
d) Subcutaneous administration may cause local irritation
现代科技对社会的影响
19. Most of drugs are distributed homogeneously.
a) True
b) False
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
20. Biological barriers include all except:
a) Renal tubules 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
b) Cell membranes 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
c) Capillary walls
d) Placenta 带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
21. What is the reason of complicated penetration of some drugs through brain-blood barrier?
a) High lipid solubility of对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
a drug
b) Meningitis
c) Absence of pores in面。 the brain capillary endothelium
d) High endocytosis degree in a brain capillary
现代科技对社会的影响
22. The volume of distribution (Vd) relates:
a) Single to a daily dose of an administrated drug
b) An administrated dose to a body weight
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
c) An uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation
d) The amount of a drug 人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
23. For the calculation of the volume of distribution (Vd) one must take into account:
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
a) Concentration of a substance in plasma
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
b) Concentration of substance in urine
c) Therapeutical width of drug action
d) A daily dose of drug
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
24. A small amount of the volume of distribution is common for lipophylic substances easy penetrating through barriers and
面。 interstitial and cell fluids:
widely distributing in plasma,
现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
Multiple choice questions
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
Multiple choice questions
, 现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
7
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
a) True 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
b) False
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
25. The term “biotransformation” includes the following:
系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
a) Accumulation of substances in a fat tissue
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
b) Binding of substances with plasma proteins
c) Accumulation of substances in a tissue
面。
d) Process of physicochemical and biochemical alteration of a drug in the body
26. Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
a) Less ionized 现代科技对社会的影响
b) More pharmacologically active
c) More lipid soluble
d) Less lipid soluble 在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
27. Tick the drug type for which microsomal oxidation is the most prominent:
a) Lipid soluble 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
b) Water soluble
c) Low molecular weight带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
d) High molecular weight系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
28. Pick out the right statement:
a) Microsomal oxidation对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
always results in inactivation of a compound
b) Microsomal oxidation面。results in a decrease of compound toxicity
c) Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of ionization and water solubility of a drug
d) Microsomal oxidation results in an increase of lipid solubility of a drug thus its excretion from the organism is facilitated
现代科技对社会的影响
29. Stimulation of liver microsomal enzymes can:
a) Require the dose increase of some drugs
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
b) Require the dose decrease of some drugs
c) Prolong the duration of the action of a drug
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
d) Intensify the unwanted reaction of a drug
30. Metabolic transformation 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
(phase 1) is:
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
a) Acetylation and methylation of substances
b) Transformation of substances due to oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis
c) Glucuronide formation 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
d) Binding to plasma proteins
31. Biotransformation of a medicinal
面。 substance results in:
a) Faster urinary excretion
b) Slower urinary excretion
c) Easier distribution in organism 现代科技对社会的影响
d) Higher binding to membranes
32. Conjugation is: 在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
a) Process of drug reduction by special enzymes
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
b) Process of drug oxidation by special oxidases
c) Coupling of a drug 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
with an endogenous substrate
d) Solubilization in lipids
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
33. Which of the following processes proceeds in the second phase of biotransformation?
a) Acetylation 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
b) Reduction
c) Oxidation
对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
d) Hydrolysis 面。
34. Conjugation of a drug includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Glucoronidation 现代科技对社会的影响
b) Sulfate formation
c) Hydrolysis
d) Methylation 在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
35. Metabolic transformation and conjugation usually results in an increase of a substance biological activity:
a) True
b) False 互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
36. In case of liver disorders accompanied by a decline in microsomal enzyme activity the duration of action of some drugs
is: 系列新的问题和挑战。本文将探讨现代科技
a) Decreased
b) Enlarged 对社会的影响，包括积极的方面和消极的方
c) Remained unchanged 面。
d) Changed insignificantly
现代科技对社会的影响
在当今社会，现代科技的发展深刻地改变了
人们的生活方式和社会结构。从智能手机到
互联网，从人工智能到生物技术，科技进步
Multiple choice questions
带来了巨大的便利和机遇，同时也引发了一
Multiple choice questions
