Patho NR 283 Exam 1 Questions And Answers 100% Pass

Patho NR 283 Exam 1 Questions And Answers 100% Pass In terms of chromosomal mutation, nondisjunction is referred to as what? Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during cell division What is an instance of an autosomal-dominant disease? Huntington's disease What is an illustration of an autosomal-recessive disease? Cystic fibrosis What is an example of an X-linked condition? Red-green color blindness What is an instance of multifactorial inheritance? Pyloric stenosis Identifying physiological signs of injury, which systemic manifestations are consistent with cellular injury during a myocardial infarction? (select all that apply) A. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) C. Increased leukocytes E. Increased heart rate G. Elevated creatinine kinase H. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) A. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase C. Increased leukocytes E. Increased heart rate G. Elevated creatinine kinase H. Elevated alanine aminotransferase The nurse educating an elderly client about aging includes which changes as part of the normal aging process? (select all that apply) A. Decreased muscle tone B. Wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis E. Increased peripheral resistance to blood flow F. Increased formation of autoantibodies A. Decreased muscle tone B. Wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis E. Increased peripheral resistance to blood flow F. Increased formation of autoantibodies What other skin characteristics protect individuals from injury and disease? Pathogens can be mechanically removed through shedding dead skin cells, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, or flushing in urine. How might skin characteristics and associated bodily fluids also aid in protecting against infection? Skin and stomach acidity inhibit microorganisms. Considering inflammation as an initial response, and potentially a beneficial one when controlled, what beneficial actions can be attributed to it? How does inflammation-associated swelling aid in the healing process? Though erythema and warmth at injury sites can be uncomfortable, what comfort can be found in initiating this response? Inflammation prevents or limits infection and additional damage by increasing plasma, plasma proteins, plasma enzymes, and leukocyte distribution from blood vessels to the injury site. It recruits adaptive immunity to mount a more specific defense against pathogens and enhances healing. What causes redness at the inflammation site? Vasodilation of arterioles triggered by histamine from mediators or mast cells, followed by spasm to halt bleeding. What arrives at the injury site during vasodilation? Neutrophils, monocytes, oxygen, and nutrients dilute toxins. During vasodilation that expands capillaries, what lines these vessels? Leukocytes How do migrating leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) reach the infected tissue? Cells squeeze through capillary wall gaps to enter the infection site. What does phagocytosis achieve at the site of injury? Digestion of foreign substances and cellular debris. Why is fibrinogen crucial at injury sites? Fibrinogen transforms into fibrin to create a mesh that isolates the injured area, incorporating foreign substances to support clotting and healing. What stimulates pain receptors when injury occurs? Prostaglandins Why does the hypothalamus elevate body temperature?