Gynecologic Health Care with an Introduction to Prenatal and Postpartum Care Question and Answers

Gynecologic Health Care with an Introduction to Prenatal and Postpartum Care Question and Answers Which is higher at ovulation LH or FSH LH A decrease in what causes a decrease in progesterone and estradiol in the absence of a fertilized egg? LH If an embryo implants, the corpus luteum is maintained which means what continues to be produced? progesterone What is the cause of endometrial sloughing and the onset of menses? A dec in estradiol and progesterone What is the clinical definition of secondary amenorrhea? absence of menses for 6 months What is the definition of secondary amenorrhea if a pt has oligomenorrhea? absence of menses for 12 months What is the cause of primary amenorrhea if there is breast development but no pubic hair? androgen insensitivity What is the causes of primary amenorrhea w/ normal sex characteristics? (3) 1. imperforate hymen 2. transverse vaginal septum 3. cervical agenesis Besides pregnancy, what are the 2 likely causes of secondary amenorrhea in normal estrogen level pts? PCOS Asherman's syndrome (acquired uterine scarring) Progesterone challenge test Test used to determine presence of estrogen in amenorrhea What is the cause of primary dysmenorrhea excess prostaglandin E2 in the menstraul fluid What are the common causes of secondary dysmenorrhea? (5) -endometriosis -adenomyosis -uterine fibroids -PID -IUD use What is adenomyosis? when endometrial tissue embeds in uterine muscle What additional sx (besides pain) are seen in secondary dysmenorrhea? (3) -bloating -menorrhagiea -dyspareunia *often aren't related to first day of period What are the characteristics of adenomyosis? tender, symmetrically enlarged, boggy uterus PMS/PMDD begin and end when? 1 to 2 weeks before period and end 1-2 days after onset of menses PMS has to have what? at least 7 days during follicular phase symptom free Tx of PMS (3) SSRIs OCPs - stop ovulation Spironolactone (androgen inhibitor taken during luteal phase) name 4 SSRIs that help in PMS fluoxetine paroxetine sertraline citalopram Tx of PMDD drosperinone-containing OCP definition of menopause cessation of menses for >1 years How long does (technically perimenopause) last