SPLH 620- EXAM #2.

SPLH 620- EXAM #2

primary sensory areas of "special senses" - ANS--hearing
-vision
-taste
-smell

hearing sensory area - ANS-primary auditory cortex
-located in: auditory cortex & temporal lobe

vision sensory area - ANS-primary visual cortex
-located in: visual cortex & occipital lobe

taste sensory area - ANS-gustatory cortex
-located in: insular lobe (hidden) & in inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe

smell sensory area - ANS-olfactory cortex
-located in: temporal lobe

types of hearing loss - ANS--conductive
-sensorineural

Conductive hearing loss - ANS--involves the outer & middle ear
inability of air vibrations to reach the organ of Corti

parts of ear involved in conductive hearing loss - ANS-outer & middle ear

sensorineural hearing loss - ANS-hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's
receptor cells (hair cells) or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness

damage to hair cells in cochlea can be from..... - ANS-long-term exposure to loud
noises

damage to the cochlear nerve can be from.... - ANS-an infection, damage, or tumor on
the nerve

parts of the outer ear - ANS-pinna & ear canal

,parts of the middle ear - ANS-tympanic membrane & 3 ossicles

3 ossicles in the middle ear - ANS--malleus
-incus
-stapes

outer ear - ANS-

middle ear - ANS-

parts of the inner ear - ANS-cochlea, vestibular system, semicircular canals

inner ear - ANS-

function of outer ear - ANS-transmit sound vibrations from the pinna to the tympanic
membrane

function of middle ear - ANS-amplification of sound

acoustic --> mechanical

function of inner ear - ANS--transforms sound
-mechanical --> chemoelectrical
-represents sound frequencies

3 chambers of cochlea - ANS-1. scala vestibuli
2. scala media
3. scala tympani

scala vestibuli - ANS--leads from oval window to the apex of the cochlea
-filled with perilymph

scala tympani - ANS--extends from apex of cochlea to round window
-filled with perilymph

scala media - ANS-Middle chamber of the cochlea
-filled with endolymph

scala vestibuli - ANS-

, scala tympani - ANS-

scala media - ANS-

the movement of the ___________ starts the movement of the scala
________________. - ANS-stapes ; scala vestibule

organ of corti - ANS-sensory organ of hearing
-composed of hair cells
-energy from the cochlea causes the basilar membrane to vibrate... bending the hair
cells... & generate AP

organ of corti contains - ANS-hair cells and tectorial membrane

organ of corti - ANS-

hair cells - ANS-receptor cells for hearing found in the cochlea

# of inner hair cells - ANS-3,500

# of outer hair cells - ANS-15,000

90-95% of all cochlear nerve fibers receive input from which hair cells? - ANS-inner hair
cells (IHC)

Inner Hair Cells (IHC) - ANS--sensory function: send information to brain

Outer Hair Cells (OHC) - ANS--cochlear amplifier: amplify the IHC signal by moving the
basilar membrane
-send 'some' information to the brain

tectorial membrane - ANS-

tonotopic map - ANS-representation in the auditory cortex of different sound frequencies
-high frequencies @ base of basilar membrane
-low frequencies @ apex of basilar membrane

high frequencies are found @ the ______________ of the basilar membrane -
ANS-base