Patho Exam 3 UNMC
L fibers (Large diameter fibers) - ANS-Conduct impulses fast.
Are myelinated.
Attempt to excite (depolarize) SG and T cells.
A-beta.
S fibers (Small diameter fibers) - ANS-Slower conduction of impulses.
Attempt to inhibit SG... BUT excite T.
A-delta, C.
SG (Substantia Gelatinosa Cell) - ANS-Attempts to inhibit T cell.
T (Central Transmission Cell) - ANS-This cell receives all input.
The more overall excitation of this cell, the more perception of pain.
Opening - ANS-Inhibition of L fibers would help with ____ of the gate.
Closing - ANS-Stimulation of L fibers would help with ____ of the gate.
Addition of Hypertonic Solution to ECF Effects (3) - ANS-1. Water flows from ICF to
ECF.
2. Cell shrinks.
3. ECF becomes more dilute.
Addition of Hypotonic Solution to ECF Effects (3) - ANS-1. Water flows from ECF to ICF.
2. Cell swells.
3. Cell can burst.
3 Things That Contribute to Formation of Edema - ANS-1. Decreased capillary oncotic
pressure.
2. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
3. Increased capillary permeability.
Clinical Manifestations of Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia - ANS-Hyperkalemia: related
to cells being more excitable. Restlessness, intestinal cramping/diarrhea, muscle
weakness, cardiac rhythm problems.
, Hypokalemia: related to decreased neuromuscular excitability. Loss of smooth muscle
tone, cardiac rhythm problems.
Clincal Manifestation: Hypernatremia - ANS-Hyperosmolarity, intracellular dehydration,
hypervolemia
Clinical Manifestation: Hyponatremia - ANS-Hypoosmolarity, altered cellular
depolarization/repolarization (might see lethargy, confusion)
Clinical Manifestation: Hypercalcemia - ANS-Related to cell less excitable.
Fatigue, weakness, lethargy
Anorexia, constipation
Kidney Stones
ECG changes
Clinical Manifestation: Hypocalcemia - ANS-Related to increased neuromuscular
excitability.
Confusion, facial twitching, muscle spasms/convulsions, diarrhea, cramping, cardia
rhythm problems.
Epidermis - ANS-Outer layer of skin
Dermis - ANS-Deeper layer of skin
Rich in blood, lymph and nerve supplies.
Hypodermis - ANS-Subcutaneous layer that connects the overlying dermis to underlying
muscle.
Compare/Contrast Manifestations: Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Atopic Dermatitis -
ANS-Allergic Contact Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin
Caused by a variety of allergens (poison ivy)
Manifestations: Pruritis (itching), Erythema, Vesicular lesions, Edema
Atopic Dermatitis: occurs with asthma or allergic rhinitis, chronic form is ezcema
Manifestations: Red, oozing, crusty lesions
Infants: lesions usually on face, neck, and buttocks
L fibers (Large diameter fibers) - ANS-Conduct impulses fast.
Are myelinated.
Attempt to excite (depolarize) SG and T cells.
A-beta.
S fibers (Small diameter fibers) - ANS-Slower conduction of impulses.
Attempt to inhibit SG... BUT excite T.
A-delta, C.
SG (Substantia Gelatinosa Cell) - ANS-Attempts to inhibit T cell.
T (Central Transmission Cell) - ANS-This cell receives all input.
The more overall excitation of this cell, the more perception of pain.
Opening - ANS-Inhibition of L fibers would help with ____ of the gate.
Closing - ANS-Stimulation of L fibers would help with ____ of the gate.
Addition of Hypertonic Solution to ECF Effects (3) - ANS-1. Water flows from ICF to
ECF.
2. Cell shrinks.
3. ECF becomes more dilute.
Addition of Hypotonic Solution to ECF Effects (3) - ANS-1. Water flows from ECF to ICF.
2. Cell swells.
3. Cell can burst.
3 Things That Contribute to Formation of Edema - ANS-1. Decreased capillary oncotic
pressure.
2. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
3. Increased capillary permeability.
Clinical Manifestations of Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia - ANS-Hyperkalemia: related
to cells being more excitable. Restlessness, intestinal cramping/diarrhea, muscle
weakness, cardiac rhythm problems.
, Hypokalemia: related to decreased neuromuscular excitability. Loss of smooth muscle
tone, cardiac rhythm problems.
Clincal Manifestation: Hypernatremia - ANS-Hyperosmolarity, intracellular dehydration,
hypervolemia
Clinical Manifestation: Hyponatremia - ANS-Hypoosmolarity, altered cellular
depolarization/repolarization (might see lethargy, confusion)
Clinical Manifestation: Hypercalcemia - ANS-Related to cell less excitable.
Fatigue, weakness, lethargy
Anorexia, constipation
Kidney Stones
ECG changes
Clinical Manifestation: Hypocalcemia - ANS-Related to increased neuromuscular
excitability.
Confusion, facial twitching, muscle spasms/convulsions, diarrhea, cramping, cardia
rhythm problems.
Epidermis - ANS-Outer layer of skin
Dermis - ANS-Deeper layer of skin
Rich in blood, lymph and nerve supplies.
Hypodermis - ANS-Subcutaneous layer that connects the overlying dermis to underlying
muscle.
Compare/Contrast Manifestations: Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Atopic Dermatitis -
ANS-Allergic Contact Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin
Caused by a variety of allergens (poison ivy)
Manifestations: Pruritis (itching), Erythema, Vesicular lesions, Edema
Atopic Dermatitis: occurs with asthma or allergic rhinitis, chronic form is ezcema
Manifestations: Red, oozing, crusty lesions
Infants: lesions usually on face, neck, and buttocks
