D236 Section 1 - Homeostasis and Cellular
response
patho
suffering or disease
pathophysiology
refers to the study of abnormal changes in body functions that are the causes, consequences,
or concomitants of disease processes.
Previous
Play
Next
Rewind 10 seconds
Move forward 10 seconds
Unmute
0:02
/
0:15
Full screen
Brainpower
Read More
"prepare for the assessment"
There are four evidence statements for this competency:
Given a description of a patient with an infection (e.g., influenza, MRSA, staph infection), the
student will identify how the body will respond to that infection.
Given a description of a congenital anomaly, the learner identifies the role of DNA changes in
congenital anomalies and how it affects the physiology of the body.
Given a scenario, the learner explains how development is disrupted in congenital
abnormalities.
Given a scenario, the learner describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how these
disruptions impact physiological wellbeing.
,To prepare for the competency objective assessment, ask yourself these questions:
Can you describe how a patient's body will respond to an infection?
Can you identify the role of DNA changes in congenital anomalies?
Can you explain how development is disrupted in congenital abnormalities?
Can you describe the factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect physiological
wellbeing?
homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of
body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
bpd
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
free radical damage to lung early in life before lungs are mature enough to handle pure oxygen
d/t oxygen toxicity
human body is composed of _____% water
60
water acts as the bodies ____
solvent
what are the body's solutes
electolytes (positive and negatively charged ions)
protein (albumin - the major solute)
what is the bodies solvents
body fluid
,- mainly water
two main functions of electrolytes and protein
1. deliver nutrients/electrolytes to cells
2. carry away waste products from cellular metabolism
3 fluid compartmetns of the body
ICF - intracellular
ISF - interstitial
ECF - extracellular
2/3s of the body's water is contained in the....
1/3rd in the...
ICF
ECF
plasma membrane
A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
allows passive movement of fluid/electrolytes, but restricts larger particles
Fluid Balance
Intracellular Fluid Compartment
In the adult, 40% of total body weight is the water contained within the ICF compartment.
Water can diffuse out of the ICF and cause cell shrinkage or cellular dehydration.
Conversely, water can enter the ICF and cause cell swelling or cellular edema.
Extracellular Fluid Compartment
In the adult, 20% of total body weight is the water contained within the ECF compartment.
Most of the ECF is found within the intravascular compartment or blood vessels.
, The ECF contains electrolytes, oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients to be delivered to cells, as
well as cellular waste products designated for excretion.
Interstitial Fluid Compartment
ISF, which is a filtrate of the blood, is located between the cells and between the cells and
capillaries.
Like blood, it contains water and electrolytes, mainly sodium (Na+).
ISF lacks proteins because they are too large to diffuse out of the blood vessels into the
interstitial spaces.
However, during inflammation, capillary membranes become extrapermeable; the pores
enlarge, allowing proteins such as white blood cells out to the tissues.
Hydrostatic pressure
the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel
the pushing force exerted by water in the bloodstream. The heart's pulsatile pumping action is
the source of hydrostatic pressure, which exerts an outward force that pushes water through the
capillary membrane pores into the ISF and ICF compartments
Diffusion
The process by which molecules passively spread from areas of high concentration to areas of
low concentration.
Water and electrolytes diffuse from high concentration to lower concentration until an equilibrium
is reached.
Osmosis
The tendency of molecules of a solvent to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a
less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, equalizing the concentrations on each
side of the membrane.
Electrolytes and water move through the cell's semi-permeable plasma membrane, but large
proteins such as albumin cannot pass through the membrane.
A semipermeable membrane selectively allows some molecules through its pores and obstructs
others according to size.
response
patho
suffering or disease
pathophysiology
refers to the study of abnormal changes in body functions that are the causes, consequences,
or concomitants of disease processes.
Previous
Play
Next
Rewind 10 seconds
Move forward 10 seconds
Unmute
0:02
/
0:15
Full screen
Brainpower
Read More
"prepare for the assessment"
There are four evidence statements for this competency:
Given a description of a patient with an infection (e.g., influenza, MRSA, staph infection), the
student will identify how the body will respond to that infection.
Given a description of a congenital anomaly, the learner identifies the role of DNA changes in
congenital anomalies and how it affects the physiology of the body.
Given a scenario, the learner explains how development is disrupted in congenital
abnormalities.
Given a scenario, the learner describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how these
disruptions impact physiological wellbeing.
,To prepare for the competency objective assessment, ask yourself these questions:
Can you describe how a patient's body will respond to an infection?
Can you identify the role of DNA changes in congenital anomalies?
Can you explain how development is disrupted in congenital abnormalities?
Can you describe the factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect physiological
wellbeing?
homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of
body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
bpd
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
free radical damage to lung early in life before lungs are mature enough to handle pure oxygen
d/t oxygen toxicity
human body is composed of _____% water
60
water acts as the bodies ____
solvent
what are the body's solutes
electolytes (positive and negatively charged ions)
protein (albumin - the major solute)
what is the bodies solvents
body fluid
,- mainly water
two main functions of electrolytes and protein
1. deliver nutrients/electrolytes to cells
2. carry away waste products from cellular metabolism
3 fluid compartmetns of the body
ICF - intracellular
ISF - interstitial
ECF - extracellular
2/3s of the body's water is contained in the....
1/3rd in the...
ICF
ECF
plasma membrane
A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
allows passive movement of fluid/electrolytes, but restricts larger particles
Fluid Balance
Intracellular Fluid Compartment
In the adult, 40% of total body weight is the water contained within the ICF compartment.
Water can diffuse out of the ICF and cause cell shrinkage or cellular dehydration.
Conversely, water can enter the ICF and cause cell swelling or cellular edema.
Extracellular Fluid Compartment
In the adult, 20% of total body weight is the water contained within the ECF compartment.
Most of the ECF is found within the intravascular compartment or blood vessels.
, The ECF contains electrolytes, oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients to be delivered to cells, as
well as cellular waste products designated for excretion.
Interstitial Fluid Compartment
ISF, which is a filtrate of the blood, is located between the cells and between the cells and
capillaries.
Like blood, it contains water and electrolytes, mainly sodium (Na+).
ISF lacks proteins because they are too large to diffuse out of the blood vessels into the
interstitial spaces.
However, during inflammation, capillary membranes become extrapermeable; the pores
enlarge, allowing proteins such as white blood cells out to the tissues.
Hydrostatic pressure
the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel
the pushing force exerted by water in the bloodstream. The heart's pulsatile pumping action is
the source of hydrostatic pressure, which exerts an outward force that pushes water through the
capillary membrane pores into the ISF and ICF compartments
Diffusion
The process by which molecules passively spread from areas of high concentration to areas of
low concentration.
Water and electrolytes diffuse from high concentration to lower concentration until an equilibrium
is reached.
Osmosis
The tendency of molecules of a solvent to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a
less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, equalizing the concentrations on each
side of the membrane.
Electrolytes and water move through the cell's semi-permeable plasma membrane, but large
proteins such as albumin cannot pass through the membrane.
A semipermeable membrane selectively allows some molecules through its pores and obstructs
others according to size.
