BIOD171 PORTAGE LEARNING MICROBIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM REAL AND ACCURATE 2023/2024 | 2 DIFFERENT
VERSIONS| GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED A
Describe the energy transfer process relative to both ATP and ADP.
ATP has the energy (phosphate group) to donate while ADP can accept energy in the form of a
phosphate group. Thus, ATP can be reduced (ATP →ADP + Pi) while ADP can be built into
ATP (ADP + Pi →ATP).
An organism that derives its energy (generates ATP) from photons of light is called a _________
Phototrophic microorganism.
An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur would be
classified as a __________?
Lithotroph
A reactive intermediate would be present in which phosphorylation process?
The chemical compound losing the phosphate group is referred to as the phosphorylated reactive
intermediate.
What is the primary byproduct of the TCA cycle?
NADH and FADH2
True or False. The reactants of the TCA cycle directly enter and fuel the electron transport
system.
False.
True or False. The β-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids.
True
The process of carbon fixation begins with which of the following reactants: select all that apply.
A. ATP B. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate C. CO2 D. NADPH E. H2O
A, C, D, and E. Carbon fixation uses the ATP/NADPH produced during light reactions to
convert CO2 and H2O into useful sources of energy (carbohydrates).
What is one of the main functions of light reactions?
Similar to the electron transport chain, one of its main functions is to generate a proton
concentration gradient to generate ATP.
,True or False: Dark reactions can occur in the presence or absence of light.
True.
What various functions do proteins have in a cell
Proteins may facilitate the movement of materials in or out of a cell.
Some can act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes.
Others play a structural role while other proteins, such as filaments, enable movement.
What are the main morphologies of bacteria?
Bacteria can be described as coccus (round/spherical),
bacillus (rod),
vibrio (curved rod)
spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).
What are the 4 main classifications of Eukarya
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi or Protista
What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be sure to know the roles of
each.
Ribosomes (protein synthesis)
ER (site of protein synthesis)
Golgi (protein modification and distribution) lysosomes (waste disposal),
mitochondria (ATP generation)
chloroplasts (plants only; site of photosynthesis).
True or False: Enzymes are polysaccharides that catalyze chemical reactions.
False. Enzymes are proteins
What are usually metal ions known to assists enzyme during the catalysis reaction?
Cofactors
Define catabolism
the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms, release of energy
Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth and repair phases of
the cell?
The anabolic process would be active as it is involved in the building up of small complexes into
larger complexes.
How many turns (or repititions) of the Calvin Cycle are required to generate one molecule of
glucose?
6
, Complete the following equation by placing the appropriate numbers where indicated.
__CO2 + __ATP + __NADPH + __H20 → __C6H12O6 + __ADP + __NADP+
6 CO2 + 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H20 → C6H12O6 + 18 ADP + 12 NADP+
Match the following reactions to its corresponding enzyme:
1. A + B → A-B
2. A-B → A + B
3. A- + B →A + B-
4. Ab + C → A + Cb
A- Lyases
B- Transferases
C- Oxioreductaces
D- Hydrolases
E- Ligases
F- Isomerases
1E 1. A + B → A-B Ligases
2A 2. A-B → A + B Lyases
3C 3. A— + B → A + B— Oxioreductaces
4B 4. Ab + C → A + Cb Transferases
A micrometer is defined as
10-6 (one millionth of a meter)
True or False: A nanometer is longer than a micrometer.
False. A nanometer is 1,000 times smaller than a micrometer.
Resolution and contrast are two critical factors that influence your ability to see an object.
Explain each.
Resolution refers to the distance between two objects at which the objects still can be seen as
separate. Poor or low resolution means objects may appear as one.
Contrast is the difference in light absorbance between two objects. Poor contrast gives a high
background and makes the visualization of multiple objects difficult.
What is the total magnification (relative to your eye) of a sample imaged with a 20x objective
and a 15x eyepiece? Show your math.
20 x 15 = 300x magnification
EXAM REAL AND ACCURATE 2023/2024 | 2 DIFFERENT
VERSIONS| GUARANTEED PASS | GRADED A
Describe the energy transfer process relative to both ATP and ADP.
ATP has the energy (phosphate group) to donate while ADP can accept energy in the form of a
phosphate group. Thus, ATP can be reduced (ATP →ADP + Pi) while ADP can be built into
ATP (ADP + Pi →ATP).
An organism that derives its energy (generates ATP) from photons of light is called a _________
Phototrophic microorganism.
An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur would be
classified as a __________?
Lithotroph
A reactive intermediate would be present in which phosphorylation process?
The chemical compound losing the phosphate group is referred to as the phosphorylated reactive
intermediate.
What is the primary byproduct of the TCA cycle?
NADH and FADH2
True or False. The reactants of the TCA cycle directly enter and fuel the electron transport
system.
False.
True or False. The β-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids.
True
The process of carbon fixation begins with which of the following reactants: select all that apply.
A. ATP B. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate C. CO2 D. NADPH E. H2O
A, C, D, and E. Carbon fixation uses the ATP/NADPH produced during light reactions to
convert CO2 and H2O into useful sources of energy (carbohydrates).
What is one of the main functions of light reactions?
Similar to the electron transport chain, one of its main functions is to generate a proton
concentration gradient to generate ATP.
,True or False: Dark reactions can occur in the presence or absence of light.
True.
What various functions do proteins have in a cell
Proteins may facilitate the movement of materials in or out of a cell.
Some can act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes.
Others play a structural role while other proteins, such as filaments, enable movement.
What are the main morphologies of bacteria?
Bacteria can be described as coccus (round/spherical),
bacillus (rod),
vibrio (curved rod)
spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).
What are the 4 main classifications of Eukarya
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi or Protista
What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be sure to know the roles of
each.
Ribosomes (protein synthesis)
ER (site of protein synthesis)
Golgi (protein modification and distribution) lysosomes (waste disposal),
mitochondria (ATP generation)
chloroplasts (plants only; site of photosynthesis).
True or False: Enzymes are polysaccharides that catalyze chemical reactions.
False. Enzymes are proteins
What are usually metal ions known to assists enzyme during the catalysis reaction?
Cofactors
Define catabolism
the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms, release of energy
Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth and repair phases of
the cell?
The anabolic process would be active as it is involved in the building up of small complexes into
larger complexes.
How many turns (or repititions) of the Calvin Cycle are required to generate one molecule of
glucose?
6
, Complete the following equation by placing the appropriate numbers where indicated.
__CO2 + __ATP + __NADPH + __H20 → __C6H12O6 + __ADP + __NADP+
6 CO2 + 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H20 → C6H12O6 + 18 ADP + 12 NADP+
Match the following reactions to its corresponding enzyme:
1. A + B → A-B
2. A-B → A + B
3. A- + B →A + B-
4. Ab + C → A + Cb
A- Lyases
B- Transferases
C- Oxioreductaces
D- Hydrolases
E- Ligases
F- Isomerases
1E 1. A + B → A-B Ligases
2A 2. A-B → A + B Lyases
3C 3. A— + B → A + B— Oxioreductaces
4B 4. Ab + C → A + Cb Transferases
A micrometer is defined as
10-6 (one millionth of a meter)
True or False: A nanometer is longer than a micrometer.
False. A nanometer is 1,000 times smaller than a micrometer.
Resolution and contrast are two critical factors that influence your ability to see an object.
Explain each.
Resolution refers to the distance between two objects at which the objects still can be seen as
separate. Poor or low resolution means objects may appear as one.
Contrast is the difference in light absorbance between two objects. Poor contrast gives a high
background and makes the visualization of multiple objects difficult.
What is the total magnification (relative to your eye) of a sample imaged with a 20x objective
and a 15x eyepiece? Show your math.
20 x 15 = 300x magnification
