Bio182 NAU Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Verified

What is TFR and how does it influence the predictions on future human population? - Total Fertility Rate: Average number of live births a woman has during her lifetime Shows population growth What are the 4 main human caused factors to the loss of biodiversity? - Habitat Destruction, Invasive Species, Pollution, Overexploitation What is Biomagnification? - Tendency of certain chemicals to accumulate or build up within food chains What is the other name for the global water cycle? - Hydrological cycle Where does most of the water that reaches the atmosphere come from? - Evaporation and transpiration How have humans influenced the water cycle? - Hydroelectric dams, tapping aquifers, deforestation Estuaries, losing evapotranspiration What are the 3 main biogeochemical cycles we discussed? - Carbon, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen What is the definition of a community? - Assemblage of many populations that live in the same place at the same time What is Species richness? - Number of different species in each community What is Species Diversity? - The variety of species that make up the communityWhat is the difference between Species Diversity and Richness? - Species diversity has more abundance/evenness What is the role of metagenomics in helping estimates species diversity? What types of organisms does it really help this task for? - Finding diversity of microorganisms Collecting microbial genomes Using cultures Explain the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis - Highest number of species are maintained in communities with intermediate levels of disturbance What are disturbances? Be able to give some examples - Droughts, fires, hurricanes Species interactions such as herbivory, predation, or parasitism What is the name of the process that occurs after disturbances that is the system trying to reset itself? - Ecological Succesion (Primary and Secondary) Facilitation successional model - Species replacement facilitated by previous colonists Inhibition successional model - Species replacement is inhibited by previous colonists Early colonists may exclude subsequent colonists Intertidal zone Tolerance successional model - Species replacement is unaffected by previous colonistsAny specie can start the succession, but eventual climax community is reached in a somewhat orderly fashion Understand the ideas behind the island biogeography model. What is the equilibrium point a balance between? How does size of island and distance from mainland influence the equilibrium point? - Number of species on an island tends toward an equilibrium number that is determined by the balance between immigration and extinction Equilibrium Reflect rate between immigration and rate of extinction The number of species should increase with increasing island size; the number of species should decrease with increasing distance from other shores What is the definition of an ecosystem? How does it differ from a community? - Community of specie in a given area Includes all abiotic factors: Energy, soil characteristics,