A-level Psychology AQA Paper 1 Exam Questions and Answers Graded A

Kelman -ANSWER - 1958. Proposed three types of conformity. Conformity -ANSWER - Yielding to group pressure. Behaviour and/or beliefs are influenced by a larger group of people. Internalisation -ANSWER - Public and private. Validation process. Change own beliefs. Identification -ANSWER - Accept influence to establish a relationship with a group. To feel part of a group. Internalisation and compliance. Compliance -ANSWER - Public not private. No change in personal opinion. To fain approval. To fit in with a group Informational social influence -ANSWER - A type of internalisation. Accepts information from others as evidence about reality. More confidence in their beliefs. Normative social influence -ANSWER - Go along with the majority without accepting their point of view whilst believing that they are under surveillance by the group. Evaluation of types of conformity -ANSWER - Difficulties in distinguishing between compliance and internalisation. Research support for normative social influence - Linkenbach and Perkins (2003) Research support for informational influence - Wittenbrink and Henley (1996) Normative influence may not be detected - Nolan et al (2008) Informational influence is moderated by task type Asch -ANSWER - 1956. Tested conformity. Tested 123 male US undergraduates. Groups of all but one confederate. Asked to identify the two of three lines that were the same length. The real participant answered second to last. In different conditions ("critical trials" 12/18 trials) the confederates were instructed to give the same incorrect answer. On the 12 critical tasks the average conformity rate was 33%. ¼ never conformed in any of the critical trials. ½ conformed in six or more of the critical trials. ¹∕₂₀ conformed in all 12 critical tasks. In control conditions (confederates not answering wrong) participants made mistakes about 1% of the time. Evaluation of Asch -ANSWER - Asch's research may be a child of its time - Perrin and Spencer (1980) Problems with determinging the effect of group