Biochemie Samenvatting 2.4 General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Structures of life.

Biochemie
Samenvatting
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry,
Structures of life



Chapter 17. Lipids
17.1 Lipids
Lipids  family of biomolecules that have the common property of being soluble in organic solvents
but not in water. Important feature in cell membranes and steroid hormones.

Types of lipids
It can have esters that can be hydrolysed to give fatty acids along with other molecules.
It can contain the alcohol  glycerol.
It can contain the amino alcohol  sphingosine.
Steroids  no fatty acids and cannot be hydrolysed. Characterized by the steroid nucleus of four
fused carbon rings.




17.2 Fatty acids
Fatty acid  long, unbranched carbon chain with a carboxylic acid group at one end. Still insoluble in
water because of the hydrophobic long carbon chain.
Saturated fatty acid (SFA)  only carbon – carbon single bonds.
Unsaturated fatty acid  one or more carbon – carbon double bonds

, Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)  carbon chain one double bond.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)  at least two carbon – carbon double bonds.