Chemistry 103 Exam 3 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

Which orbital is the electron in? - Answer-l (L) value which orientation is the electron in? - Answer-m sub L value n value - Answer-use periodic table (period #) L value - Answer-what orbital its in (s, p, d, f) m sub L value - Answer-what orientation of the orbital is it in?---every electron in the atom has unique values for n, l, ml Electron configurations show... - Answer-which orbitals are in an atom and how the electrons fill the orbitals Electron configurations focus on... - Answer-ground state configuration (lowest energy state)-no electrons are jumping to new energy levels ie... Hydrogen-1 electron...n=1, l=0, ml=0 how many possible electrons can fit into the s orbital? - Answer-two electrons go into the s orbital how many possible electrons can fit into the p orbital? - Answer-six electrons go into the p orbital how many possible electrons can fit into the d orbital? - Answer-ten electrons go into the d orbital how many possible electrons can fit into the f orbital? - Answer-fourteen electrons go into the f orbitalperiod number - Answer-the number on the left of the periodic table=n (principle energy level)--for S and P block for d block...(n-1) for f block... (n-2) Aufbau Principle - Answer-defines pattern of orbital filling: fill from lowest to highest energy levels...(n- 1)d comes after (n)s because energy levels get closer as n increases. configurations of transition metals - Answer-ns filled before (n-1)d orbitals... ie. Fe: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6 exceptions: extra stability when half filled or fully filled d orbital (only for transition metals and only atomic configuration-not ions) Cr column and Cu column... ie... Cr expected: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d4 Cr actual: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5 Cu expected: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d9 Cu actual: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10 Electron configurations of ions - Answer-metals and non metals: lose and gain electrons to have the same number of electrons as the nearest noble gas (stable) main group: remove electrons in reverse order of filling ie... Ca: (Ar)4s2---Ca2+: (Ar)4s0=(Ar)transition metals: remove electrons from the highest "n" value first ie... Co: (Ar)4s2 3d7---Co3+:(Ar)4s2 3d6 ie...Fe: (Ar) 4s2 3d6---Fe2+: (Ar) 4s0 3d 6 Valence electrons - Answer-electrons that are important in chem. bonding... helps determine the properties of an atom -total number of valence electrons is show n at the top of each column in the per. table How to determine which electrons are valence - Answer-main group: electrons in outermost (highest value of n) energy level are valence: ie... Si: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 -3s2 and 3p2 are valence transition metals/elements+ lanth and act: electrons in outermost energy level+outermost d or f electrons ie...Co 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7 Valence: 4s2 and 3d7 Core electrons - Answer-non valence-non reactive electrons in complete or filled energy levels ie... Si: (1s2 2s2 2p6) 3s2 3p2 core electrons are in brackets and valence are not in brackets