ASC 112 Final Exam (calvin college) fully solved & updated

Chunking - ANSWER-aids learning because it increases the amount of information you can process and remember Baker/Baker paradox - ANSWER-shows importance of elaboration to learning Prime learning opportunities - ANSWER-exist anytime the resources needed to learn a topic are present. Engaging two to three rime learning opportunities is required to learn a topic well Syllabus - ANSWER-a contract with the professor about what the class will include and how the class will run The forgetting curve - ANSWER-forget 90% of what we learned in a lecture over the next 30 days Metacognition - ANSWER-thinking about thinking, or awareness of how your mind works and how much you know Multi-sensory environments - ANSWER-impact learning greatly learning physically changes the brain - ANSWER-true the peril of strategic learning - ANSWER-the learner becomes a procedural expert rather than an adaptive expert and risk-taker "the one who does the work does the learning" - ANSWER-This phrase means, that people who take time to understand and actively pursue what they are learning will end up doing better. Because when you practice at something and pay attention to what you are learning helps you. Orienting task - ANSWER-orienting task is similar to changing what subject you are learning every 30 minutes. similar to forget- remember- forget etc ( any activity that points you to deep or shallow engagement with content) learning diagram - ANSWER-by learning you need to acquire the learning, and by studying it you retain it. When you retain it you will be able to extend that information to other subjects/areas of your life metacognition motivation * set goals (motivated to do it), management, mindset acquire* - schema: helps you to acquire the information by association it with other similar words EX. Grandma (warm, caring, food) retention* -pomodoro technique study 25 minutes - 5 minute break to help learn it (helps you retain the information longer due to the amount of time you study) transfer what is the value of asking questions and how can they be integrated into three areas of your academic life? - ANSWER-the value of asking questions help aid you to think deeper on the topic you are learning about. They can be integrated before learning by questioning what you will learn, while you write notes so that you can learn more in depth on a subject, and after when you read through your notes and apply it to your life what are three reasons your cellphone is the greatest threat to academic success? (use ideas and terminology from call) - ANSWER-cellphones are a threat because they don't want you to acquire information. As well as make new friends and they make it so you are not in the mindset for learning. As well as keep you off topic and cause you stress and depression. how does effective notes aid deep learning? - ANSWER-effective notes help aid deep learning because you look more in depth on the information and to organize what you learned, so that if you are having trouble in a certain area you can go to the certain topic or to the questions you are having trouble with Topic (so you know what its about) date (when you learned it) * star important information key ideas (definitions, what teacher said, space if you missed any important information) - indent to keep track of what info falls under each category questions you have on information What does it mean to claim a college reading and what are three ways you do college readings differently with this idea in mind? - ANSWER-claiming a college reading means actively learning the information through SQ3R (survey, questions, read, wRite, review). When you read a college reading it helps to look through it before even starting to read so you can understand what its about, then you question, such as "what will i find throughout this text?" Then you read and take notes on all of the important information. And lastly you review what you learned while reading the text. Blooms taxonomy - ANSWER-Remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate 4 principles for deep procession - EDPA - ANSWER-elaborations (what is this like) Distinctive (how is this different) Personal ( how does this connect to my life Application (how is the professor going to ask me to use this?) Annotation - ANSWER-notes you write from reading Millers law - ANSWER-average person can remember 7+/- 2 items (5-9) elaboration - ANSWER-adding details building up idea and pathways so easier to remember interleaving - ANSWER-big chunk of time break down to 30 minute slots for different subjects (switching forces you to forget - review - forget - review testing effect - ANSWER-retrieve information, force yourself to remember mnemonics - ANSWER-word - make up a story or movement to remember memory hacks - meaning to things that are meaningless "physical activity is cognitive cady - ANSWER-exercise helps release BDNF (a protein) which helps neurons grow William Cronon - ANSWER-States that a liberal arts education has often been described completing a set of course when the brain - ANSWER-2% of the body and uses 20% of its energy remembering UJCIFLOTK by dividing it into IOU TLC JFK - ANSWER-example of chunking the S in PRESENT principle stands for - ANSWER-sleep the average attention span - ANSWER-10-20 minutes without an attention grabbing device or change of delivery example of orienting task - ANSWER-asking someone to watch how a professors ears twitch when they teach Sleep debt - ANSWER-loss of sleep is cumulative The New Science of Learning - ANSWER-recommends 7.5-8 hours of sleep for college students concept maps - ANSWER-help students develop more complex associations and schema mental fatigue - ANSWER-common downside of multitasking Stephen Chew argues that - ANSWER-Most important facto in successful learning is what you think about while you study Plasticity - ANSWER-the brain's constant process of rewiring itself each time it learns something new or has a new experience Hans Selye states stress can be "the spice of life or kiss of death" explain what he means and use a graph in your answer - ANSWER-stress can be both a positive and a negative thing. Ot can be referred to as "the spice of life" because it motivates you to do different tasks so that you won't be bored. But, there is a certain point when stress can be the "kiss of death". After a point too much overwhelms you and fatigues the brain which causes you to shut down Samuel Johnson stated, "the true art of memory is the art of attention." explain the quote with what you know about learning - ANSWER-what Samuel Johnson means by this quote is, you remember what you pay attention to. So if you are not paying attention, chances are you won't remember any of the lesson. What does William Cronon identify as ultimate outcome of a liberal arts educations and why? - ANSWER-Cronon identify the ultimate outcome of a liberal arts education as love, as well as giving back to the community. What he means by this is that students who attend a liberal arts university are taught to listen and to see things from others points of view. This creates a sense of awareness that allows us to love one another despite having different views. Diagram a chart that compares and constrast's growth verses fixed mindset - ANSWER-Growth: puts in effort, happy for others success, learns from mistakes Fixed: blame others, little effort, doesn't learn from mistakes What is the "overwhelm epidemic" and what are three ways to navigate it well? - ANSWER-The "overwhelm epidemic," refers to how everyday life is always a hassle and a struggle that is filled with stress. Some ways to navigate it well is by exercising, because it releases helpful hormones such as BDMF, and helps you to problem solve as well as be more alert. Sleep is very helpful, because a rested brain is a helpful brain, meaning that it is readier to work through stressful situations. And the most helpful is the "next action" step plan, which breaks down big projects so that they are easier to work on. And lastly, scheduling, that way you know when to do what. vocation - ANSWER-calling from God to love the world and god - use your gifts to achieve this explain the purpose of Strategies for Academic Success (this class) in your own words. - ANSWER-To learn certain skills to best prepare you from learning. Such as motivation, time management, etc. Leah Blatt Glasser encourages students to - ANSWER-claims an education What two habits does Glasser believe need to be unlearned as student transition to college - ANSWER-a. accepting advice as directive and authoritative b. using grades to gage self worth what does John Warner identify as the number one threat to your academic success ad overall well-being in his letter to an incoming freshman? - ANSWER-Your cell phone Statement by John Warner - ANSWER-Students are distracted 40-50 times during a 90 minute work period Practices that aid leraning - ANSWER-sleeping 8 hours distributed practice meaningful connections How does the New Science of Learning define learning? - ANSWER-is the brain creating pathways connecting different neurons. By connection the neurons it physically changes your brain How much water do you lose during sleep - ANSWER-the body can lose as much as 2 lbs of water as sleep Two most powerful senses connected to learning - ANSWER-sight smell What is one neame for creating multiple pathways to information? - ANSWER-elaboration Deep learer - ANSWER-focus on comprehending an idea and its implications for life surface learner - ANSWER-focus on surviving by memorizing basic facts strategic learner - ANSWER-focus on how the professor wants them to learn and doing well on exams What is the peril of strategic and surface learning - ANSWER-students become procedural experts rather than adaptive experts and risk takers Describe a deep learning in your own words - ANSWER-a deep learner is a student who will take time to analyze and question the readings they are given. They want to learn more What two things does Bain say great college students do before they start reading? - ANSWER-speculate question Accordign to Stephen Chew, what is the most important factor in successful learning - ANSWER-What you think about while you study Additional knowledge from the article about effective reading - ANSWER-that it helps to try and make connections with the text What are the benefits of chunking - ANSWER-it increases the amount of information you can process/remember Proximity - ANSWER-it is a good idea to have a break in between classes Massed practice - ANSWER-cramming Memory cues - ANSWER-used to find content memories overlearning - ANSWER-learning something so it is automatically available elaboration - ANSWER-example: making content into a song What is the benefit of elaboration - ANSWER-it helps you understand the material more Greater Expectations argues that society today is facing - ANSWER-an overwhelm epiemic How does Greater expectations say that willpower (or your ability to stay on task) is like a muscle - ANSWER-it becomes fatigued with overexertion What does the Greater Expectations reading mean when it says Eat the Frog - ANSWER-Do the hardest tasks first How does sleep impact memory - ANSWER-memories are consolidated and rehearsed during sleep Storage - ANSWER-retention retieval - ANSWER-transfer encoding - ANSWER-acquisition What is the impact of exercise on learning? - ANSWER-exercise benefits memory and learning Exercise and learning - ANSWER-neuro chemicals (serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) are released which aid focus, motivation, mood and self-discipline What are the historic purpose of a liberal arts education - ANSWER-freedom and growth Wrtie 3 attributes listed by William Cronon of people who emobdy a liberal education - ANSWER-they are able to talk to anyone, they truly listen when in class, actively participate in class, able to transfer information to each course (see how they are connecte) What advice was mentioned on Exercise Your Freedom Wisely was helpful to thinking about academic advising - ANSWER-take classes that interest you, use all of your resources, have a basic idea of what kind of courses and schedule you would like Answering an essay question on a test is an example of which stage of learning? - ANSWER-transfer The psychologist Carol Dweck claims that mindset begins to form during - ANSWER-middle school What do researchers say has happened to the length of attention spans due to technology, videogames, and the internet? - ANSWER-decreased Multi-tasking is more accurately labelled by researcher as - ANSWER-task shifting Explain the phrase "You do not have the luxury in college to pay attention only to what interests you" - ANSWER-the phrase means that you yourself have to actively push yourself to learn and to pay attention because no one is forcing you to.When you only pay attention you think it convenient, you miss certain things List four downsides of multitasking from They'll never learn - ANSWER-you don't remember as much, yo utire out your brain, you don't learn as deeply, it takes you a lot longer to finish tasks A Georgetown University study says what percentage of jobs will need a college education by 2018 - ANSWER-55-6% Why do the authors of The New Science of Learning believe it is essential to be a life-long learner - ANSWER-the authors believe that putting int he work is crucial to being a lifelong learner, as well as constantly learning and working at acquiring new knowledge Time Urban symbolized procrastination using what - ANSWER-a monkey Time Urban encourages people to avoid procrastination on what - ANSWER-long term goals Time Urban says that how many people are procrastinators - ANSWER-100% Hyperbolic (temporal) discounting simply put is explained as - ANSWER-human motivation increases closer to task deadlines List two strategies mentioned to help you learn faster by ASAP Science - ANSWER-1. To sleep - study - sleep 2. stay hydrated/exercise 3. test yourself What does it mean that we live in an overwhelm epidemic? - ANSWER-we are always hurrying throughout life Pomodoro Technique - ANSWER-work 25 minutes - 5 minute break etc (tomato timer) PRESENT principle - ANSWER-P-Pray/ present, R-read, E-express, S-schedule, E-exercise, N-nourish, T- track How much sleep is ideal? - ANSWER-7.5-9 hours what happens in the brain when we sleep? - ANSWER-rehearses what happened through the day - recall + replay how long is an ideal nap? - ANSWER-20-30 minutes (refreshing) Don't go to Hawaii on the weekend - ANSWER-flying over time zoned- body needs time to catch up on sleep (don't sleep till 8 every week day and then 2 on weekends) what does it mean that the brain is an energy hog? - ANSWER-2% of body uses 20% of energy (glucose - sugars) no nourished brain doesn't work as well what is the gold standard for exercise? - ANSWER-4-5 times a week 30 minutes of aerobic activity how can you counteract stress? - ANSWER-exercise, meditation how do goals impact motivation - ANSWER-makes you accountable Extrinsic Vs. Intrinsic - ANSWER-Extrinsic: someone giving a reward -simple short task Intrinsic: internal motivation - complex long term task ex. college SMART goals - ANSWER-S: specific M: measurable A: achievable R: relevant T: time bound What are Chew's beliefs that make you stupid - ANSWER-learning fast (takes effort) knowledge set of isolated facts ( all connected) intelligence is a fixed trait Professor responsible for learning (we are responsible) Good at multi-tasking (multi tasking is just task shifting) focused attention - ANSWER-very short moment of concentration Sustained attention - ANSWER-ability to work on a task over an extended period (needed in college) efforless attention - ANSWER-being in the zone, when something is challenging but you enjoy it effortful attention - ANSWER-needed during class and homework - dual process - to be successful have to increase effort in direct relation to demands for control of attention how do boredom and daydreaming interact with learning? - ANSWER-can help you work through problems - learn to force yourself to work through problems Downsides of multitasking - ANSWER-takes longer, miss items, not as good of quality, damages alertness, tires your brain out elephant and rider metaphor (self management) - ANSWER-explain why we do things that weren't rational (elephant does whats pleasurable) rider has to trick elephant to stay on task zeigarnik effect - ANSWER-once you get started you are compelled to finish hyperbolic discounting / present bias - ANSWER-we undervalue things that are far away (value things that are close - procrastination) deadlines - ANSWER-makes you more accountable to finishing a deadline sylabus - ANSWER-an outline of subjects in a course of studying or teaching HS vs. College - ANSWER-HS: memorize + just for a grade College: deep learning, want to learn - more learning outside of class Active and deep learning - ANSWER-want to understand meaning about a paper Questions - ANSWER-active engagement with content, clarity key content + ideas, practice retrieval, build curiosity + motivation, increases focus, activates previous and new knowledge Claim your education - ANSWER-to take hold and begin to actively learn - set goals based on what it means to be learned Brain - ANSWER-when you learn your brain establishes connections between brain cells long-term potentiation - ANSWER-routine - neurological description of how habits and long term memories are formed distributed practice - ANSWER-practicing over time to build up knowledge overlearning and automaticity - ANSWER-the more you practice the easier it is to recall certain information how does taking notes on a laptop impact your learning - ANSWER-you do worse because you aren't connecting to the actual work questions for learning - ANSWER-active engagement with content, clarify key concept and ideas practice retrieval, build curiosity and motivated, increases focus activates previous and new knowledge Annotation - ANSWER-notes you wrote from reading, checks comprehension multi - sensory impact on learing - ANSWER-better than uni-sensory, students use auditory (hearing) + visual (seeing), sense remember 20-40% more info after 2 weeks than students who listened to or read info (gives you more than one way of experiencing something) schemas - ANSWER-clusters of info - related associated things what comes to mind when you bring up words - (grandma: food, love, comforting) web of related ideas Chunking - ANSWER-organizing info into meaningful groups to increase memory capacity (hack to limits of memory) old info to new - ANSWER-building blocks to learning mpore info millers law - ANSWER-average person can remeber (5-9) items patterns in academics - ANSWER-similarity, proximity, ground focus, cause and effect, heirachry, alphabetical order, write in your own language Sleep and down time impact on learning - ANSWER-clears space for new learning (brain needs time to process after learning new information testing effect - ANSWER-retrieve info force yourself to remember emotions, stress, multitasking impact on memory - ANSWER-brain remembers emotional information makes more errors when you multitask, stress affects ability to learn REM - ANSWER-relays what you learned during the day over and over again hippocampus - ANSWER-limited storage - prefrontal cortex limited transience - ANSWER-memory lost over time, hour after lecture 65% of information forgotten Learning centered teaching (LCT) - ANSWER-d as much work in the learning process as possible - more work - more connection Neurons (brain cells) - ANSWER-store water in balloon-like structures called vacuoles water essential for optimal brain health and function needed in brains production of hormones and neurotransmitters connections - ANSWER-human brain looks for connections help use prior knowledge average attention span - ANSWER-17 minutes focused attention - ANSWER-have to focus on task boredom - ANSWER-you cant just focus when interesting daydreaming - ANSWER-creative + long term thinking Marshmallow test - ANSWER-kids who waited had better grades + better in college + make more money - self discipline - now technology new marshmallow test task shifting - ANSWER-jumping quickly between 2 tasks BDNF - ANSWER-easier learning (from exercising) strengthens cellular machinery of learning limits stress on brain increase neuro-chemicals + alert, attentive, motivation (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine how should liberal arts be articulated? - ANSWER-listening reading, truth seeking, seeing through others eyes, work as a community role free academic advising + navigate college - ANSWER-provide advice to clarify goals and majors & find a good way to navigate college to reach goals chews beliefs on being stupid - ANSWER-learning is fast knowledge set of isolated fact intelligence is a fixed trait professor in charge of learning really good at multi tasking how to develope a growth mindset - ANSWER-one needs to listen to the internal radio station which is sending you messages about how to respond to each mindset (consciously exploring each mindset + telling yourself a new story is very important mindset context specific - ANSWER-either growth / fixed mindset based on the situation. Could have growth mindset while drawing and a fixed one for math - need to examine each situation to find out mind set benefits/drawbacks for technology - ANSWER-good: helps get info bad: gets you off task level of engagement with modern technology - ANSWER-distracts us + leads us to more shallow engagement with other people and ideas. Provides an easy outlet to avoid our boredom + discomfort Technology with academic? spiritual ? social ? personal life - ANSWER-get off task and use to escape effort and boredom how should one sceule - ANSWER-preferably day to day but then week to week spaced practice - ANSWER-by studying small bits over a long extended time period it is easier to remember why is it important to learn how to say no? - ANSWER-so you can focus on what is important willpower and inflection points - ANSWER-willpower ability to stay on track, like a muscle, working it out makes it stronger over time but can also wear out in the short fun for use inflection points distinct moments where the willpower is tested. Best way to navigate inflection points is to have a specific plan to navigate it sleep well think well - ANSWER-good amount of sleep - thinking easier what is sleep debt - ANSWER-not getting enough sleep - begins to add up signs of sleep debt - ANSWER-irritable, poor judgement, attention deficit, memory issues what happens to the brain with sleep debt - ANSWER-doesn't recall what happened before - doesn't store memories tips to sleeping better - ANSWER-no caffeine or food before bed, no phone, cold and dark room how does exercise impact learning - ANSWER-improve memory and thinking ability why is exercise "physcial cognitive candy" + affect brain - ANSWER-releases hormones and oxygen to brain and more alert = clear mind + grow new synaptic brain cells + BDMF strengthens connections how is nurtition linked to learning + the brain - ANSWER-gives brain vitamins and glucose to work - more concentrated stressed brains dont learn the same - ANSWER-fatigued and shut down how is stress positive and negative - ANSWER-pushes you to work on a task but fatigues brain graphic organizers - ANSWER-planners: shows what is in store for following days