ASC 378 Final Exam with 100% correct answers 2024

any destructive process by which complex substances are converted by living cells into more simple compounds a. Catabolism b. Anabolism c. Supplementation d. Rationing - ANSWER-a Chemical agent that is synthesized in a particular part of the body and is carried by blood to another part of the body where it elicits a physiological response by action on specific tissue or organ is called a. Enzyme b. Hormone c. Coenzyme d. Cofactor - ANSWER-b A combination of feedstuffs is called a. Ration b. Roughage c. Concentrate d. Diet - ANSWER-d As early as 3,000 BC, scientists from this country prescribed a good source of iodine as a treatment for goiter a. France b. China c. England d. Germany - ANSWER-b The chemical basis of nutrition that energy was derived from oxidation of food was established by a. George Fordyce b. Juston von Liebig c. Hippocrates d. Antoine Lavoisier - ANSWER-d William Beaumont is a. An outstanding pioneer in the study of gastric digestion in man b. An outstanding pioneer in the use of proximate analysis for feed evaluation c. The father of nutrition d. An outstanding pioneer in the nutrition of amino acids - ANSWER-a In comparison to feed made from relatively younger plants, feed intake of animals from older plants is a. Lower b. Higher c. Remains the same d. None of the above - ANSWER-a Plants make use of the following to produce carbohydrates, fats, and proteins a. CO2, H2O, nitrates, and salts b. CO2, H2O, calcium, and salts c. CO2, H2O, phosphorus, and salts d. CO2, H2O, lipids, and salts - ANSWER-a In general, which of the following is true a. Leaf has more dry matter than stem b. Seed has more moisture than leaf c. Stem has more dry matter than leaf d. None of the above - ANSWER-d These animals are herbivores except a. Cow b. Horse c. Rabbit d. None of the above - ANSWER-d You recently read an article in which the author described a livestock species as being able to generate lots of its required energy from fiber and cellulose in their diets. How would you describe the digestive process that is employed by this animal? a. Predominantly fermentative b. Predominantly hydrolytic c. Predominantly metabolic d. Predominantly anabolic - ANSWER-a The pH of digesta in this section of the foregut of a cow is the lowest a. Abomasum b. Reticulum c. Omasum d. Rumen - ANSWER-a The main constituent of plant that is found in only a trace amount in the animal body is a. Vitamin b. Minerals (especially calcium and phosphorous) c. Lipid/fat d. Carbohydrate - ANSWER-d As a crop plant matures a. Yield and digestibility increase b. Yield and intake increase c. Digestibility and intake decrease d. Digestibility and intake increase - ANSWER-c Which of the following parts of the alfalfa plant would you expect to have the highest relative feed value a. Alfalfa, mid-bloom b. Alfalfa, bud c. Alfalfa, pre-bud d. Alfalfa, mature - ANSWER-c Which of the following is correct a. Rabbits generally have a pair of ceca b. Cows generally have a pair of ceca c. Pigs generally have a pair of ceca d. Birds generally have a paid of ceca - ANSWER-d The middle section of the mid gut is known as a. Merkel Diverticulum b. Jejunum c. Duodenum d. Ileum - ANSWER-b The distal (section that empties into the small intestine) section of the stomach is known as a. Cardiac gland region b. Pyloric gland region c. Esophageal region d. Fundic gland region - ANSWER-b In a mature cow, x has the largest volume (in liters) and y has the smallest volume a. x=rumen, y=abomasum b. x=reticulum, y=rumen c. x=rumen, y=omasum d. x=rumen, y=reticulum - ANSWER-d In the mature horse, the volume (in liters) of x is greater than that of y a. x=cecum, y=large intestine b. x=small intestine, y=large intestine c. x=cecum, y=small intestine d. x=large intestine, y=cecum - ANSWER-d The section at the base of two villi where you have the youngest cells being developed is known as a. the crypt b. the goblet c. the cell extrusion zone d. the lamina propria - ANSWER-a Among all the species of animals we looked at in class, the blood glucose level of this species is maintained at a highest level (130 to 290 mg/dL) a. Cattle b. Horse c. Chicken d. Sheep - ANSWER-c This peptide hormone is produced in the duodenal mucosa and its functions include the contraction of the gallbladder and pancreas. It also inhibits gastric acid secretion. a. Gastrin b. Secretin c. Cholecystokinin d. Somatostatin - ANSWER-c The final product of starch digestion include all of the following except a. Galactose b. Maltose c. Glucose d. Fructose - ANSWER-b The liver secretion that is involved in emulsification of fat is known as a. Lipase b. Pepsin c. Lactase d. Bile - ANSWER-d One kilogram of a feed sample contained 100 g of calcium. The dry matter content of the feed sample was 75% on a dry matter basis. How much calcium does the feed contain a. 100 g b. 75 g c. 50 g d. 25 g - ANSWER-a The secretion of pepsinogen takes place in the a. Proventriculus b. Fundic gland region c. Abomasum d. All of the above - ANSWER-d Which of the following generates the largest amount of water post oxidation a. Protein b. Carbohydrate c. Fat d. Fiber - ANSWER-c The concentration of urea in the urine of the temperate animal compared to their desert desert counterpart will be a. Lower b. Higher c. Not different d. None of the above - ANSWER-a What would happen to feed and water intake in a nonruminant animal that is fed a diet that is high in salt a. No effect on feed and water intake b. Both feed and water intake will increase c. Feed intake will increase while water intake will decrease d. Water intake will increase while feed intake will decrease - ANSWER-d The water (or fluid) in the body of an animal is located in two distinct compartments. These compartments are a. Extracellular and interstitial b. Intracellular and interstitial c. Extracellular and intracellular d. None of the above - ANSWER-c In mammals, urea is the excretory product of a. Carbohydrate metabolism b. Protein metabolism c. Lipid metabolism d. Vitamin and mineral metabolism - ANSWER-b Water that is lost through the skin (other than sweating) via diffusion is known as a. Insensible water b. Drooling water c. Respiration water d. Urine water - ANSWER-a When a living cell is dropped into a solution that is hypotonic (relative to the contents of the cell) a. The cell increases in size by absorbing fluid from the hypotonic solution b. The cell decreases in size (shrinks) by losing fluid to the hypotonic solution c. The cells closes the pores on its membrane (cell membrane) to conserve water (ie. no change in size) d. none of the above - ANSWER-a In general, the total number of minerals found in the body of an animal is a. About 49 b. About 39 c. About 29 d. About 19 - ANSWER-d The monosaccharide (simple sugar) that is common to lactose, maltose, and and sucrose is a. Fructose b. Glucose c. Galactose d. Mannose - ANSWER-b ( ) is the sweetest of all sugars a. Fructose b. Glucose c. Galactose d. Mannose - ANSWER-a Pentoses include all of the following except a. Xylose b. Mannose c. Arabinose d. Ribose - ANSWER-b ( ) is an important intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism but do not occur in nature a. Trioses b. Pentose c. Hexoses d. Amylopectin - ANSWER-a The gross ATP production during glycolysis phase of glucose metabolism is a. two b. four c. six d. eight - ANSWER-b Raffinose is an example of trisaccharides. Which of the following correctly describes the products of complete digestion of raffinose a. 3 glucose units b. 2 glucose + 1 fructose unit c. 1 glucose + 1 fructose + 1 galactose unit d. 1 glucose + 2 fructose units - ANSWER-c The main carbohydrate (quantitatively) in the feedstuffs that is given to livestock is in he form of a. monosaccharide b. disaccharide c. trisaccharide d. polysaccharide - ANSWER-d the following are examples of polysaccharides except a. starch b. glycogen c. dextrin d. none of the above - ANSWER-d Inulin, the carbohydrate that is found in onions and garlic, is a polymer of a. glucose units b. fructose units c. galactose units d. glucose and fructose units - ANSWER-b You were asked to formulate a diet for a piglet, which form of the monosaccharides would you include at the highest level in the diet? a. glucose b. fructose c. galactose d. amylose - ANSWER-c too much of readily fermentable carbohydrate in the diet of ruminants could lead to a. off feed syndrome b. acidosis c. high lactate production d. all of the above - ANSWER-d Triglycerides are esters of fatty acids with a. Lecithin b. Sphingosine c. Glycerol d. All of the above - ANSWER-c This carbohydrate will not be well digested by nonruminant animals a. Carbohydrate with linear structure in which glucose units are linked together by an alpha 1-4 b. Carbohydrate with linear structure in which glucose units are linked together by an alpha 1-6 c. Carbohydrate with linear structure in which glucose units are linked together by an alpha 1-4 (linear) and an alpha 1-6 (branch) d. Carbohydrate with linear structure in which glucose units are linked together by an alpha 1-4 (linear) and beta 1-4 (branch) - ANSWER-d In general, unsaturated fatty acids are found in lipids of a. plant origin b. animal origin c. processed fat d. none of the above - ANSWER-a Unsaturated fatty acid has the tendency to become saturated. In the presence of excess levels of hydrogen and oxygen, the preference will be for the unsaturated fatty acid to add a. Oxygen b. Carbon c. Hydrogen d. Nitrogen - ANSWER-a Most of the lipids (triglycerides) in the diets of ruminants are hydroxylzed in the a. Abomasum b. Omasum c. Reticulum d. Rumen - ANSWER-d Glycogen is closely more related to ( ) in terms of structure a. Amylose b. Amylopectin c. Maltose d. Galactose - ANSWER-b Arachidonic acid, an essential fatty acid, could be synthesized from a. Palmitoleic acid b. Palmitic Acid c. Linolenic acid d. Linoleic acid - ANSWER-d Which of the following is expected to have the highest iodine number a. C18:0 b. C18:1∞9 c. C18:2∞6 d. C18:3∞6 - ANSWER-d Which of the following is expected to have the highest melting point a. C16:0 b. C18:0 c. C18:2∞6 d. C18:3∞6 - ANSWER-b The structure shown in Figure "A" (on page 9) is that of a. Acetyl CoA b. Malonyl CoA c. Propionyl CoA d. Pyruvate - ANSWER-c The structure shown in Figure "B" (on page 9) is that of a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Galactose d. Sucrose - ANSWER-a The structure shown in Figure "C" (on page 9) is that of a. Acetyl CoA b. Malonyl CoA c. Propionyl CoA d. Pyruvatae - ANSWER-d The structure shown in Figure "D" (on page 9) is that of a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Galactose d. Sucrose - ANSWER-c One of the following is a TCA cycle enzyme a. Malate dehydrogenase b. Triose phosphate isomerase c. Aldolase d. None of the above - ANSWER-a This enzyme is involved in glycolysis a. Phosphoglycerate kinase b. alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase c. Fumarase d. Malate dehydrogenase - ANSWER-a This enzyme catalysis the shifting of functional group from one position to another within the same molecule a. Aldolase b. Kinase c. Mutase d. Dehydrogenase - ANSWER-c An intermediate in the glycolytic pathway a. malate b. isocitrate c. fumarate d. dihydroxyacetone - ANSWER-d Metabolizable energy + urinary energy losses + gaseous energy losses is equal to a. gross energy b. digestible energy c. net energy d. none of the above - ANSWER-b the sum of the net energy (NEp + NEm) and heat increment (HI) will give a. gross energy b. digestible energy c. metabolizable energy d. fecal energy - ANSWER-c The difference between apparent ileal N digestibility and standardized ileal N digestibility is a. Standardized ileal N digestibility is corrected for basal ileal endogenous N losses b. Standardized ileal N digestibility is corrected for diet induced ileal endogenous N losses c. Standardized ileal N digestibility is corrected for both the basal and diet induced ileal endogenous N losses d. None of the above - ANSWER-a One of the following is a labile source of high energy phosphate in the muscle a. Creatine b. Creatinine c. Phosphocreatine d. All of the above - ANSWER-c A cow was found to be anemic despite the fact that the iron level in its diet and circulating iron in its blood are at adequate level. After laboratory analysis, it found found that most of the red blood cells were microcytic and immature. Which mineral deficiency would you attribute this to? a. Copper b. Zinc c. Manganese d. Molybdenum - ANSWER-a By subjecting protein to a slightly high temperature (than typical temperature) for about 10 minutes and leaving them at room temperature for an extended period of time, which of the following best describes the process that the protein would go through? a. Denatured b. Renatured c. All of the above d. None of the above - ANSWER-b When ruminants are allowed to feed on lush pasture during the spring season. The potential for the development of tetany is high. This condition is caused by a. Magnesium deficiency b. Manganese deficiency c. Calcium deficiency d. Copper deficiency - ANSWER-a Transamination is the process whereby an amino group (NH2) from an amino acid is transferred to a keto acid. Select from the options below, the group of amino acids that may result from this process a. Glycine, Methionine, Asparagine b. Glycine, Tryptophan, Proline c. Asparagine, Serine, Glycine d. Tyrosine, Threonine, and Asparagine - ANSWER-c Amino acids could be categorized as being, glucogenic, ketogenic, or both. As discussed in class, two of the 20 common amino acids are strictly ketogenic, what are these amino acids a. Phenylalanine and tyrosine b. Leucine and lysine c. Methionine and cysteine d. Arginine and isoleucine - ANSWER-b Urea cycle is the process where NH3 is converted to urea before it is finally excreted into the environment. In what organ does this process (urea cycle) take place? a. the rumen b. the spleen c. the ceca d. the liver - ANSWER-d Deficiency of this mineral results in piglets being born without hair on their body a. Iron deficiency b. Manganese c. Iodine d. Copper - ANSWER-c This mineral is not routinely supplemented in swine diets a. Zinc b. Copper c. Phosphorus d. Sulfur - ANSWER-d Wasting disease, enzootic ataxia, falling disease of cattle, and graying of black hair and wool are classical symptoms of a. Potassium deficiency b. Zinc deficiency c. Copper deficiency d. Cobalt deficiency - ANSWER-c These minerals are area problems of the world a. Calcium, cobalt, selenium b. Cobalt, copper, selenium c. Copper, Iodine, Zinc d. Iodine, Selenium, Cobalt - ANSWER-d This mineral occupies the center of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) a. Selenium b. Zinc c. Copper d. Cobalt - ANSWER-d This mineral protects against peroxides (acts like an antioxidant) a. Cobalt b. Zinc c. Copper d. Selenium - ANSWER-d One of the following minerals is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract a. Zinc b. Copper c. Cobalt d. Selenium - ANSWER-a With regards to magnesium a. Low NH3 level is bad for Mg absorption b. Low NH3 level is good for Mg absorption c. High NH3 level with some urea supplement is good for Mg absorption d. NH3 level does not influence Mg absorption - ANSWER-b We discussed the concept of limiting amino acids in class. Based on our discussion, which of the following amino acids is not likely to be deficient in a typical diet for swine or poultry? a. Lysine b. Methionine c. Valine d. Alanine - ANSWER-d This amino acid is involved in the general metabolic rate in the body of an animal a. Lysine b. Methionine c. Tyrosine d. Iodite - ANSWER-c Most of the iron in the body of an animal is stored in this organ a. Liver b. Muscle c. Kidney d. Pancreas - ANSWER-a The level of this mineral in the diet of livestock is regulated by the FDA a. Copper b. Manganese c. Magnesium d. Selenium - ANSWER-d This plays an important role in the process of bone mineralization a. Arginine b. Methionine c. Osteoblast d. Phenylalanine - ANSWER-c In adult humans, this amino acid is conditionally essential a. Arginine b. Methionine c. Lysine d. Phenylalanine - ANSWER-a How many elements are found in a typical protein? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 - ANSWER-d The amino acids that are liberated from protein hydrolysates are primarily alpha-amino acids. This means the a. Carboxyl and amino groups are attached to adjacent carbon atoms b. Carboxyl and amino groups are attached to the first and last carbon atoms, respectively c. Carboxyl and amino groups are attached to the same carbon atom d. None of the above - ANSWER-c Grazing animals in this state would be subject to selenium toxicity a. Iowa b. Oregon c. Utah d. Idaho - ANSWER-c This mineral is required for ruminants to be able to successfully synthesize vitamin B12 a. Zinc b. Selenium c. Cobalt d. Manganese - ANSWER-c The dietary level of what amino acid will greatly influence the choline needed? a. Tyrosine b. Phenylalanine c. Methionine d. Cysteine - ANSWER-c The efficacy of this form of vitamin D is much lower than that of vitamin D3 a. Vitamin D1 b. Vitamin D2 c. Vitamin D4 d. Vitamin D5 - ANSWER-b Ascorbic acid can be synthesized from a. Arachidonic acid b. Choline c. Glucose d. Selenium - ANSWER-c This vitamin is fat soluble a. a-tocopherol b. Folic acid c. Ascorbic acid d. Pantothenic acid - ANSWER-a Intrinsic factor is secreted in this section of the GIT a. Rumen b. Stomach c. Duodenum d. Pancreas - ANSWER-b Active vitamin D results from the hydroxylation of the absorbed precursors. The first hydroxylation takes place in what organ? a. Kidney b. Small intestine c. Liver d. Bone - ANSWER-a The fragility of capillaries resulting in hemorrhages throughout the body is caused by the deficiency of this vitamin a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B1 c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin d - ANSWER-c The deficiency of this vitamin results in convulsions or epileptic seizures common to all species a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B6 c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D - ANSWER-b The deficiency of this vitamin results in Castle's necklace in humans a. Pantothenic acid b. Cobalamine c. Niacin d. Riboflavin - ANSWER-c The deficiency of this vitamin results in megaloblastic anemia in pregnant women whose diets consisted primarily of white rice and bread a. Pantothenic acid b. Pyridoxine c. Niacin d. Folic acid - ANSWER-d The deficiency of this vitamin results in nutritional encephalomalacia in chicks a. A b. C c. D d. E - ANSWER-d Which of the following could lead to pernicious anemia? a. Total gastrectomy b. Folic acid deficiency c. Lack of intrinsic factor d. All of the above - ANSWER-d The accumulation of pyruvic acid and lactic acid is caused by the deficiency of this vitamin a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B1 c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin B6 - ANSWER-b This chemical formula, C20H30O, is that of a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B1 c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin B6 - ANSWER-a Alcoholism could result in this vitamin being deficient in humans a. Thiamin b. Biotin c. Pathogenic acid d. Folic acid - ANSWER-a antirachitic factor is another name for a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B2 c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D - ANSWER-d carotenes are precursors to which vitamin? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Biotin - ANSWER-a This vitamin is associated with proper collagen formation a. Vitamin a b. Vitamin C c. Folic acid d. Biotin - ANSWER-b Raw white egg syndrome is associated with a. Biotin b. Folic acid c. Pantothenic acid d. Niacin - ANSWER-a Tocopherol is associated with a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin E - ANSWER-d What vitamin is known to have a higher requirement in high protein diets because of its involvement in protein metabolism? a. Vitamin B1 b. Vitamin B2 c. Vitamin B5 d. Vitamin B6 - ANSWER-d This vitamin is part of rhodopsin a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B1 c. Vitamin B2 d. Vitamin 6 - ANSWER-a The deficiency of ( ) results in a situation in which certain amino acids cannot be condensed with succinyl CoA to form a-amino-b-ketoadipic acid which is the initial step in heme synthesis. What is the name of this vitamin and amino acid? a. Niacin; glutamine b. Niacin; methionine c. Pyridoxine; Tryptophan d. Pyridoxine; Glycine - ANSWER-d The use of certain feed additives such as exogenous enzymes, probiotics, and sub-therapeutic level of antibiotics in livestock feed have been shown to result in positive results in a. Mature animals b. Young animals c. Animals fed semi-purified diets d. Animals fed purified diets - ANSWER-b