BIOL235- Midterm 1 Review Questions with Answers

BIOL235- Midterm 1 Review Questions with Answers anatomy - ️️ -the science of body structures and the relationships among them chemical level of structural organization - ️️ -atoms (smallest units of matter) and molecules (two or more atoms joined together) can be compared to letters cellular level of structural organization - ️️ -molecules combine to form cells (the basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals compared to words tissue level of structural organization - ️️ -groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function can be compared to sentences organ level of structural development - ️️ -Different tissues are joined together to form organs (structures with specific functions and recognizable shapes) compared to paragraphs system level of structural organization - ️️ -consists of related organs with a common function can be compared to chapters organism level of structural organization - ️️ -any living individual can be compared to the book integumentary system (components and Function) - ️️ -Skin and associated structures, such as hair, fingernails and toenails, sweat glands, and oil glands. Protects body; helps regulate body temperature; eliminates some wastes; helps make vitamin D; detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold; stores fat and provides insulation. skeletal system (components and function) - ️️ -Bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilages. Supports and protects body; provides surface area for muscle attachments; Bone aids body movements; houses cells that produce blood cells; stores minerals and lipids (fats). muscular system (components and function)` - ️️ -Specifically, skeletal muscle tissue—muscle usually attached to bones (other muscle tissues include smooth and cardiac). Participates in body movements, such as walking; maintains posture; produces heat. Nervous System (components and Function - ️️ -Brain, spinal cord, Brain nerves, and special sense organs, such as eyes and ears. Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in body's internal and external environments, cord interprets changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions. endocrine system (components and function) - ️️ -Hormone-producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes) and hormone-producing cells in several other organs. Regulates body activities by releasing hormones (chemical messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland or tissue to target organ). cardiovascular system (components and function) - ️️ -blood, heart, and blood vessels Heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body