Instructor Solutions Manual
Chemistry for Today
General, Organic, and Biochemistry
TENTH EDITION
Spencer L. Seager
University of South Dakota, Weber State University
Michael R. Slabaugh
University of South Dakota, Weber State University
Maren S. Hansen
West High School – Salt Lake City, UT
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
, Instructor Solutions Manual © 2022 Cengage Learning, Inc.
Chemistry for Today: General,
Organic, and Biochemistry,
10th Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as
permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the
Spencer L. Seager
copyright owner.
Michael R. Slabaugh
Maren S. Hansen
For product information and technology assistance, contact us at
Cengage Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706
or support.cengage.com.
For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all
requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions.
Cengage
200 Pier 4 Boulevard
Boston, MA 02210
USA
Cengage is a leading provider of customized learning solutions
with employees residing in nearly 40 different countries and sales in
more than 125 countries around the world. Find your local representative
at: www.cengage.com.
To learn more about Cengage platforms and services, register or access
your online learning solution, or purchase materials for your course, visit
www.cengage.com.
53384_FM_rev04.indd 2 22/04/21 10:24
, Table of Contents
General Chemistry
Chapter 1 Matter, Measurements, and Calculations 4
Chapter 2 Atoms and Molecules 32
Chapter 3 Electronic Structure and the Periodic Law 54
Chapter 4 Forces Between Particles 68
Chapter 5 Chemical Reactions 95
Chapter 6 The States of Matter 122
Chapter 7 Solutions and Colloids 146
Chapter 8 Reaction Rates and Equilibrium 185
Chapter 9 Acids, Bases, and Salts 214
Chapter 10 Radioactivity and Nuclear Processes 250
Organic Chemistry
Chapter 11 Organic Compounds: Alkanes 268
Chapter 12 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 305
Chapter 13 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers 340
Chapter 14 Aldehydes and Ketones 371
Chapter 15 Carboxylic Acids and Esters 398
Chapter 16 Amines and Amides 430
Biochemistry
Chapter 17 Carbohydrates 459
Chapter 18 Lipids 483
Chapter 19 Proteins 507
Chapter 20 Enzymes 532
Chapter 21 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 551
Chapter 22 Nutrition and Energy for Life 572
Chapter 23 Carbohydrate Metabolism 589
Chapter 24 Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism 609
Chapter 25 Body Fluids 627
, Chapter 1
Chapter 1: Matter, Measurements, and Calculations
CHAPTER OUTLINE
1.1 What is Matter? 1.5 Measurement Units 1.9 Using Units in Calculations
1.2 Properties and Changes 1.6 The Metric System 1.10 Calculating Percentages
1.3 A Model of Matter 1.7 Large and Small Numbers 1.11 Density
1.4 Classifying Matter 1.8 Significant Figures
LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ASSESSMENT
When you have completed your study of this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Explain what matter is. (Section 1.1; Exercise 1.2)
2. Explain differences between the terms physical and chemical as applied to:
a. Properties of matter (Section 1.2; Exercises 1.10 b & c)
b. Changes in matter (Section 1.2; Exercises 1.8 a & b)
3. Describe matter in terms of the accepted scientific model. (Section 1.3; Exercise 1.12)
4. On the basis of observation or information given to you, classify matter into the correct category of
each of the following pairs:
a. Heterogeneous or homogeneous (Section 1.4; Exercise 1.22)
b. Solution or pure substance (Section 1.4; Exercise 1.24)
c. Element or compound (Section 1.4; Exercise 1.18)
5. Recognize the use of measurement units in everyday activities. (Section 1.5; Exercise 1.28)
6. Recognize units of the metric system, and convert measurements done using the metric system into
related units. (Section 1.6; Exercises 1.30 and 1.40)
7. Express numbers using scientific notation and do calculations with numbers expressed in scientific
notation. (Section 1.7; Exercises 1.48 and 1.60)
8. Express the results of measurements and calculations using the correct number of significant figures.
(Section 1.8; Exercises 1.64 and 1.66)
9. Use the factor-unit method to solve numerical problems. (Section 1.9; Exercise 1.82)
10. Do calculations involving percentages. (Section 1.10; Exercise 1.92)
11. Do calculations involving densities. (Section 1.11; Exercise 1.98)
LECTURE HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
1. When describing chemistry as the “central science,” explain how everything around us is somehow
related to chemistry. Look around the classroom and point out things which are a result of the study of
chemistry; such as the plastic materials which make up part of the furniture, the paint on the walls, the
clothing that we have on, the paper that we write on, the ink that we write with, and even the reactions
which take place in our bodies which keep us alive.
2. Stress that a pure substance contains only one kind of basic building block or one kind of constituent
particle. Every constituent particle in a pure substance is the same. If there are two or more kinds of
constituent particles present, it is a mixture. Sugar has sugar molecules; water has water molecules; and
sugar water has both sugar molecules and water molecules.
3. Emphasize that an important characteristic of a pure substance is a constant composition. Give some simple
examples, such as water or salt, which when free of other substances, always have the same
4
Chemistry for Today
General, Organic, and Biochemistry
TENTH EDITION
Spencer L. Seager
University of South Dakota, Weber State University
Michael R. Slabaugh
University of South Dakota, Weber State University
Maren S. Hansen
West High School – Salt Lake City, UT
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
, Instructor Solutions Manual © 2022 Cengage Learning, Inc.
Chemistry for Today: General,
Organic, and Biochemistry,
10th Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as
permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the
Spencer L. Seager
copyright owner.
Michael R. Slabaugh
Maren S. Hansen
For product information and technology assistance, contact us at
Cengage Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706
or support.cengage.com.
For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all
requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions.
Cengage
200 Pier 4 Boulevard
Boston, MA 02210
USA
Cengage is a leading provider of customized learning solutions
with employees residing in nearly 40 different countries and sales in
more than 125 countries around the world. Find your local representative
at: www.cengage.com.
To learn more about Cengage platforms and services, register or access
your online learning solution, or purchase materials for your course, visit
www.cengage.com.
53384_FM_rev04.indd 2 22/04/21 10:24
, Table of Contents
General Chemistry
Chapter 1 Matter, Measurements, and Calculations 4
Chapter 2 Atoms and Molecules 32
Chapter 3 Electronic Structure and the Periodic Law 54
Chapter 4 Forces Between Particles 68
Chapter 5 Chemical Reactions 95
Chapter 6 The States of Matter 122
Chapter 7 Solutions and Colloids 146
Chapter 8 Reaction Rates and Equilibrium 185
Chapter 9 Acids, Bases, and Salts 214
Chapter 10 Radioactivity and Nuclear Processes 250
Organic Chemistry
Chapter 11 Organic Compounds: Alkanes 268
Chapter 12 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 305
Chapter 13 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers 340
Chapter 14 Aldehydes and Ketones 371
Chapter 15 Carboxylic Acids and Esters 398
Chapter 16 Amines and Amides 430
Biochemistry
Chapter 17 Carbohydrates 459
Chapter 18 Lipids 483
Chapter 19 Proteins 507
Chapter 20 Enzymes 532
Chapter 21 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 551
Chapter 22 Nutrition and Energy for Life 572
Chapter 23 Carbohydrate Metabolism 589
Chapter 24 Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism 609
Chapter 25 Body Fluids 627
, Chapter 1
Chapter 1: Matter, Measurements, and Calculations
CHAPTER OUTLINE
1.1 What is Matter? 1.5 Measurement Units 1.9 Using Units in Calculations
1.2 Properties and Changes 1.6 The Metric System 1.10 Calculating Percentages
1.3 A Model of Matter 1.7 Large and Small Numbers 1.11 Density
1.4 Classifying Matter 1.8 Significant Figures
LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ASSESSMENT
When you have completed your study of this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Explain what matter is. (Section 1.1; Exercise 1.2)
2. Explain differences between the terms physical and chemical as applied to:
a. Properties of matter (Section 1.2; Exercises 1.10 b & c)
b. Changes in matter (Section 1.2; Exercises 1.8 a & b)
3. Describe matter in terms of the accepted scientific model. (Section 1.3; Exercise 1.12)
4. On the basis of observation or information given to you, classify matter into the correct category of
each of the following pairs:
a. Heterogeneous or homogeneous (Section 1.4; Exercise 1.22)
b. Solution or pure substance (Section 1.4; Exercise 1.24)
c. Element or compound (Section 1.4; Exercise 1.18)
5. Recognize the use of measurement units in everyday activities. (Section 1.5; Exercise 1.28)
6. Recognize units of the metric system, and convert measurements done using the metric system into
related units. (Section 1.6; Exercises 1.30 and 1.40)
7. Express numbers using scientific notation and do calculations with numbers expressed in scientific
notation. (Section 1.7; Exercises 1.48 and 1.60)
8. Express the results of measurements and calculations using the correct number of significant figures.
(Section 1.8; Exercises 1.64 and 1.66)
9. Use the factor-unit method to solve numerical problems. (Section 1.9; Exercise 1.82)
10. Do calculations involving percentages. (Section 1.10; Exercise 1.92)
11. Do calculations involving densities. (Section 1.11; Exercise 1.98)
LECTURE HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS
1. When describing chemistry as the “central science,” explain how everything around us is somehow
related to chemistry. Look around the classroom and point out things which are a result of the study of
chemistry; such as the plastic materials which make up part of the furniture, the paint on the walls, the
clothing that we have on, the paper that we write on, the ink that we write with, and even the reactions
which take place in our bodies which keep us alive.
2. Stress that a pure substance contains only one kind of basic building block or one kind of constituent
particle. Every constituent particle in a pure substance is the same. If there are two or more kinds of
constituent particles present, it is a mixture. Sugar has sugar molecules; water has water molecules; and
sugar water has both sugar molecules and water molecules.
3. Emphasize that an important characteristic of a pure substance is a constant composition. Give some simple
examples, such as water or salt, which when free of other substances, always have the same
4
