AP CSP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Algorithm - A precise sequence of instructions for processes that can be implemented in a programming language and executed by a computer. Control Structure - one or more programming language statements that control the flow of a computer program. Examples: If/Else structure or a loop structure. Computer - a machine that processes information under the control of a program. Program - sequence of instructions that control the computer. To run, it must be loaded into the computer's memory where the CPU executes it one instruction at a time. Hardware - the computer's electronic and mechanical components. Software - the programs that control computers General purpose computer - a computer that can run many different programs (e.g. a smartphone). Special purpose computer - a computer that has a fixed program ( e.g. a calculator, a watch, a car's brakes) Memory - physical device used to store information for use in a computer or other digital electronic device( e.g. disk drive, flash drive) RAM - Random Access Memory- also called main memory stores the computer's programs and data temporarily while power is on. CPU - Central Processing Unit is the hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It is made up of 3 main parts: the control unit (CU), the arithmetic and register. The CUprocesses the program's instructions, the ALU (arithmetic logic unit) performs the arithmetic and logic operations and the register stores intermediate data during program execution. Input devices - bring data and programs into the computer (e.g. mouse, keyboard) Output devices - transmit data to other computers to users (e.g. printer, monitor, speaker) Motherboard - houses the computer's main electronic components