AP Computer Science Principles Key Terms Questions and answers

CYBERSECURITY Cybersecurity - the protection of computer systems from the theft or damage to the hardware, software or the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide Cyberwarfare - the use of computer technology to disrupt the activities of a state or organization, especially the deliberate attacking of information systems for strategic or military purposes Cyber crime - criminal activities carried out by means of computers or the Internet Distributed denial of service (DDoS) - the intentional paralyzing of a computer network by flooding it with data sent simultaneously from many individual computers. Antivirus software - computer software used to prevent, detect and remove malicious software Firewalls - a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication Cryptography - the art of writing or solving codes Symmetric Encryption - a form of computerized cryptography using a singular encryption key to guise an electronic message. Its data conversion uses a mathematical algorithm along with a secret key, which results in the inability to make sense out of a message Public key encryption - Public key cryptography (PKC) is an encryption technique that uses a paired public and private key (or asymmetric key) algorithm for secure data communication. A messagesender uses a recipient's public key to encrypt a message. To decrypt the sender's message, only the recipient's private key may be used Certificate authorities (CAs) - a trusted entity that issues electronic documents that verify a digital entity's identity on the Internet Phishing - the fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information, such as passwords and credit card numbers. Viruses (in computing) - a piece of code that is capable of copying itself and typically has a detrimental effect, such as corrupting the system or destroying data ABSTRACTION - --- Abstraction - a technique for arranging complexity of computer systems Bit - a unit of information expressed as either a 0 or 1 in binary notation. Byte - a group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on as a unit Hexadecimals - relating to or using a system of numerical notation that has 16 rather than 10 as its base Sequences of bits - a binary sequence Multiple levels of abstraction - are used to write programs or create other computational artifacts An abstraction extracts common features from specific examples in order to _______________________ concepts. - generalizeAn abstraction generalizes functionality with input parameters that allow software ________________. - reuse A sequence of bits may represent ___________________ types of data in ___________________ contexts. - different, different