NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology

NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Ovarian cancer site of metastasis? Peritoneal surfaces, omentum (fold of peritoneum connecting the stomach with other abdominal organs), liver The increased NADH/NAD+ ratio in the liver from ethanol causes: 1. Pyruvate -- lactic acid, causing lactic acidosis 2. Oxaloacetate -- malate. This prevents gluconeogenesis and leads to hypoglycemia 3. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate -- glycerol 3- phosphate and combines with fatty acids to form triglycerides in the liver, known as hepatosteatosis 4. Decreases citric acid cycle production of NADH and leads to using Acetyl-CoA for ketogenesis and lipogenesis What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause? Heart disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease, HTN, HLD, DM, ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA. Lipid perioxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA, less protein synthesis, chromatin destruction, damage mitochondria What is the body's defense against ROS? Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine, glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)