NVCC BIO 101 Exam 2 Questions and Answers

NVCC BIO 101 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Metabolism -Correct Answers️️ -the totality of an organism's chemical reactions Metabolic pathway -Correct Answers️️ -Begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product. catabolic pathway -Correct Answers️️ -release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds anabolic pathways -Correct Answers️️ -consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones - proteins are synthesized from simpler molecules called amino acids Bioenergetics -Correct Answers️️ -the study of how energy flows through living organisms Energy -Correct Answers️️ -the capacity to cause change kinetic energy -Correct Answers️️ -energy of motion thermal energy -Correct Answers️️ -kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules heat -Correct Answers️️ -thermal energy in transfer from one object to another potential energy -Correct Answers️️ -energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure chemical energy -Correct Answers️️ -potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction Thermodynamics -Correct Answers️️ -The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. first law of thermodynamics -Correct Answers️️ -Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed - also called the principle of conservation of energy second law of thermodynamics -Correct Answers️️ -Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Entropy -Correct Answers️️ -- a measure of molecular disorder, or randomness - scientists use the term "disorder" to describe how dispersed energy is in a system and how many energy levels are present Chemical reactions -Correct Answers️️ -- Endergonic ("energy in") - Exergonic ("energy out") - Energy coupling Endergonic -Correct Answers️️ -- A chemical reaction that requires the input of energy in order to proceed - yields product rich in potential energy - start with reactabr molecules that contain relatively little potential energy but end with products that contain more chemical energy Exergonic -Correct Answers️️ -Chemical reactions that release energy