Collateral Damage Estimation (CDE)Questions & Answers(GRADED A+)

CDE Methodology - ANSWERdoes not limit or supersede a commander's responsibility to respond to Time Sensitive Targets (TST) or his/her inherent right of Self-Defense Collateral Damage - ANSWERUnintentional or incidental injury or damage to persons or objects that would not be lawful military targets in the circumstance ruling at the time. Such damage is not lawful so long as it is not excessive in light of the overall military advantage anticipated from the attack Collateral Damage Estimation (CDE) - ANSWERThe holistic process of determining the potential for collateral damage resulting from target engagement Collateral Damage Estimation Methodology (CDM) - ANSWERA body of joint standards, methods, techniques, and processes to conduct collateral damage analysis and produce collateral damage estimates Law of War (LOW) requires - ANSWERall feasible precautions be taken to ensure only legitimate military objects are targeted; Anticipated civilian/noncombatant injury/loss of life and damage to civilian/noncombatant property incidental to attacks must not be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated to be gained Legal Imperatives - ANSWERdistinction; proportionality; military necessity Distinction - ANSWERdistinguish between armed forces and civilian, and unprotected objects Proportionality - ANSWEReven where one is justified in acting, one must not act in a way that is unreasonable or excessive Military Necessity - ANSWERjustifies the use of all measures needed to defeat the enemy as quickly and efficiently as possible that are not prohibited by the law of war Adverse impacts may be: - ANSWERElevating strategic exposure/reducing international and domestic support for operations; Causing early termination of operations before obtaining objectives; Restrictive ROE changes. Prolonging post-combat reconstruction operations CDE analysis performed by: - ANSWERcertified CDE analyst Training - ANSWERbegins with qualification at a schoolhouse; follow-on certification by CCMDs Operational Imperatives - ANSWERaccomplishing mission objectives; force protection; collateral damage Principle Categories of risk - ANSWERrisk to mission; forces; collateral damage CDM is a means to assist to a commander to adhere to the LOW by.. - ANSWERassisting commanders in weighing risk against military necessity and in evaluating proportionality within the framework of the joint operation planning process (JOPP); It provides a commander a process to conduct CDE of kinetic weapons effects and mitigate unintended or incidental or injury to civilian or noncombatant persons or property or the environment. CDM is a balance of.. - ANSWERscience and art (probability, statistical analysis, operational art) CDM product is an.. - ANSWERestimation of the outcome of weapon employment CDM is not applicable to.. - ANSWERnuclear or IRCs Contributing factors to a CDR decision making: - ANSWEROperational objectives end-state considerations LOW ROE Target characteristics Risks to friendly forces Strategic risk Operation-specific ROE and other policy guidance issued by the SecDef and/or POTUS will dictate decision authorities and collateral damage threshold, to include: - ANSWERThe noncombatant and civilian casualty cutoff value (NCV). In the absence of SecDef/POTUS guidance - ANSWERCCDRs may issue their own thresholds in compliance with the LOW and national command guidance The CDM must be implemented consistently across all commands IOT: - ANSWER1)To minimize confusion 2)Maintain a joint standard 3)Provide CDRs at all levels a common construct and decision-making aid C