NURS 345: The Child with Gastrointestinal Disease Questions With 100% Correct Answers!!

Diarrhea - usually secondary to an infectious agent (viral, bacterial, parasitic) dehydration - signs/symptoms of ______: -sunken fontanels (anterior fontanel - class @12-18 mo) -cry and fail to produce tears -cap refill time -dry, sticky mouth -crusted lips -urine output (no wet diaper 6-8, 12 hours kids) -cooler skin -dizziness/fatigue fontanels, tears, mouth - DEHYDRATION: -sunken _____ (anterior fontanel - class @12-18 mo) -cry and fail to produce ____ -cap refill time -dry, sticky ____ -crusted lips -urine output (no wet diaper 6-8, 12 hours kids) -cooler skin -dizziness/fatigue rotavirus - most common in kids <5; foul smelling stool, vomiting salmonella - abdominal cramping, bloody diarrheafrom undercooked meat/poultry e. coli - caused by bacteria that lives in the intestines of cattle (ground beef) watery diarrhea, bloody stool from increased acid c. diff - significant, foul smelling stools. secondary to long antibiotic course Shigella - bloody, mucousy diarrhea and abdominal cramping giardia - parasite that can affect the small intestine; traveling outside country 2,4,6 - rotavirus @ ___, _____, and ____ months oral rehydration therapy - a treatment involving the administration of a salt and sugar solution to a child who is dehydrated from diarrhea if dehydration is mild (3-5%) or moderate (6-9%) mild dehydration - Infant 5% (50) Adolescent 3% (3) Dry mucous membranes, oliguria Pitfalls: Oral mucosa may be dry in chronic mouth breathers. Frequency and amount of urine are difficult to assess during diarrhea, esp with infants wearing diapers moderate dehydration - 6-9% Poor skin turgor. Sunken fontanel. Marked oliguria. Tachycardia. Quiet tachypnea.Pitfalls: Affected by sodium concentration; increased sodium concentration better maintains intravascular volume. Fontanel open only in infants. Oliguria is affected by fever, sodium concentration, and underlying disease IV - what type of rehydration therapy for severe dehydration severe dehydration - 10% or more body weight loss lethargic to comatose, low BP, rapid, weak pulse, poor skin turgor, parched membranes, absent urine output, cool, mottled skin, sunken fontanel sluggish capillary refill, hemodynamically unstable (increased BP/HR) oral - what type of rehydration should be used if possible? urine, tears, BP - assessment during rehydration: -_____ output -crying _____ -_____ -HR -I/O HR, I/O - assessment during rehydration: -urine output -crying tears -BP -_____ -___/___IV - what type of rehydration if vomiting cleft lip, cleft palate - facial malformations that occur during embryonic development (may appear separately or together) North American, Asian - cleft lip/palate most common in ____ _____ and _____ populations