Summary iRAT questions-3.4 Affective Disorders

1. Which of the following criteria is a key feature used to diagnose Major Depressive
Disorder (MDD) according to the DSM-5?
• AA
A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of
expression of emotions.
• BB
A pervasive pattern of avoiding or being reluctant to engage in social interactions due to a
fear of being criticized or rejected.
• CC
A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to
negative evaluation.
• DD
Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.

2. In older individuals, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is sometimes misdiagnosed
as:
• AA
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
• BB
Dementia
• CC
Cluster A personality disorder
• DD
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

3. According to Herrman et al (2022), which of the Big Five personality traits has been
consistently associated with an increased probability of depression?
lock
• AA
Openness to experience
• BB
Neuroticism
• CC
Conscientiousness
• DD
Psychoticism


4. What does the term "depression literacy" refer to (as discussed in Herrman et al.
(2022))?
• AA
Understanding and recognizing the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for depression.
• BB
The ability to diagnose and treat depression in accordance with professional guidelines.
• CC
The study of literary works that depict characters experiencing depression.
• DD
Engaging in self-help literature to independently address one's own depression concerns.

, 5. Numerous avenues of research have explored and proposed evidence in support of the
serotonin hypothesis. Which of the following has NOT been investigated in this
context (based on Moncrieff et al., 2022)?
• AA
Investigating whether depression is associated with lower levels of serotonin and 5-HIAA in
body fluids.
• BB
Investigating alterations in serotonin receptor levels among individuals with depression.
• CC
Investigating whether individuals with depression exhibit lower levels of the serotonin
transporter.
• DD
Investigating the interaction between the SERT gene and stress in the context of depression.


6. What is the fundamental proposition of Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal
Theory (CIIT) regarding personality and psychopathology (as discussed in Hopwood
et al., 2021)?
• AA
Individual traits are the primary determinants of personality and psychopathology.
• BB
Cognitive processes are the driving forces behind personality and psychopathology.
• CC
Patterns within interpersonal situations serve as the foundational units of personality and
psychopathology.
• DD
None of the above Maladaptive thought patterns directly shape personality and
psychopathology.
• EE
All of the above

7. Contemporary integrative interpersonal theory (CIIT)
Statement1: CIIT is integrative in that it conceptualizes personality, psychopathology, and
intervention using the same model, and this model easily connects to various other models of
individual differences, social processes, and psychotherapy.
Statement 2: CIIT is interpersonal because it assumes that the most important expressions of
personality and psychopathology occur in interactions, whether they be with important
attachment figures, mental health providers, friends and coworkers, complete strangers, or
different aspects of ourselves. Thus, any problems in living must be interpreted through the
lens of the dyadic system in which those problems manifest, rather than solely as
characteristics of individuals operating in a vacuum.
• AA
Statement 1 is correct.
• BB
Statement 2 is correct.
• CC
Both statements are correct.
• DD
Neither statement is correct.