General Biology Final Exam Review Questions & Answers Already Passed!!

Homologous - Answer-term used to describe pairs of chromosomes having DNA segments, or genes for the same traits What is the organization of genetic information within a cell nucleus? - Answer-Genes--> Chromosomes-- >Nucleus If Yellow is dominant to Green in pea plants and a plant exhibits the yellow phenotype, what are the possible genotypes? - Answer-Yy or YY Which cells are considered gametes in humans? - Answer-Egg (Ova) in females; Sperm in males What is the number of chromosomes found in normal human gametes? - Answer-23 chromosomes What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment? - Answer-Factors for different traits are inherited independently of one another. What is the expected phenotypic ratio in any dihybrid cross? - Answer-9-3-3-1 or (9/16:3/16:3/16:1/16) 9: Dominant-Dominant 3: Dominant-Recessive 3: Recessive-Dominant 1: Recessive Recessive What do the boxes found in a punnett square represent? - Answer-Potential genotypes for the offspring. Crossing Over - Answer-What process is shown in the illustration provided? Why is meiosis significant in helping to maintain the continuation of a species? - Answer-It provides for chromosomal variation in the gametes produced by an organism.If Snapdragon's exhibit incomplete dominance. What would the PHENOTYPIC ratio be of a white plant crossed with a pink plant? - Answer-1: 1 (White to pink, no red plants will result) What are the possible gametes for a parent who is BbTt? - Answer-BT, Bt, bT, tb What is Mendel's Law of Segregation? - Answer-2 alleles separate during formation of gametes What would the sex chromosomes look like for a normal human female? - Answer-XX What would the sex chromosomes look like for a normal human male? - Answer-XY Which sex chromosome is found in female gametes? - Answer-X Who determines the sex in humans? - Answer-Male Tall is dominant to short in pea plants. When crossing two tall plants, 1/4 of them turned out short. What is the genotype of the parents? - Answer-Both are Tt (heterozygous) It must be a dominant trait since one of the parents is unaffected and yet there are offspring who are affected. The unaffected parent must be heterozygous for the condition. - Answer-By observing the pedigree to the right, and assuming that shapes that are shaded are affected. What can you determine with regard to this trait? What would be one indicator for a trait being sex-linked in a pedigree diagram? - Answer-Only males are affected in the diagram. What genetic characteristic did we examine in class that demonstrates the principle of codominance? - Answer-Human Blood Type What is sickle cell anemia? - Answer-A co-dominant genetic disorder where the shape of the red cells are sickle shaped. In the diagram, this person is a heterozygote because only 1/2 of their cells are affected