final exam all bio 4400, Cell Fate and Specification, Exam 2: Neurulation, Exam 2: Neurons, Exam 2 - Neural Crest cells, Exam 2: Sensory placodes and organs, Cell-cell interactions and signaling

Ectoderm doesn't move through the __________ or __________ - CORRECT ANSWER 1) blastopore (frogs and fishes) or 2) primitive streak (birds and humans) Sensory organs all begin in the head as... - CORRECT ANSWER placode - thickenings of surface ectoderm what are 4 types of cell interactions? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Internal/mechanical 2) Juxtacrine signaling 3) Paracrine signaling 4) Endocrine signaling Note: these are arranged in order of closest interaction to longest distance interaction The 6 word key to development: - CORRECT ANSWER Find it - mRNA or protein has to be in the right place (at the right time) in order for a developmental step to take place Move it - moving specific cells to a new location - does this start a new process? if so then, those cells are probably important for the process Neural crest cells as the _________ only in vertebrates! Neural crest cells as the _________ because of their extensive migration - CORRECT ANSWER 1) "4th germ layer" 2) "the explorers of the embryo" Patterning of neural tube (CNS): - anterior to posterior via _________. - dosal to ventral via ________ and ________ - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Hox genes 2) BMP and Shh gradients Three fundamental rules of development: - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Timing is everything 2) Location, location, location 3) Both of the a