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What are the four categories of tools available to U.S. leaders crafting foreign policy? : Diplomatic, Economic, Military, and Unconventional Ex. of Diplomatic : consultations and negotiations, treaties, defense and security agreements, resolutions in global and regional bodies such as the United Nations (UN), and public diplomacy to promote U.S. views and culture Ex. of Economic : trade and investment agreements, tariffs, sanctions, embargoes and boycotts, bilateral and multilateral development assistance, loans for the purchase of U.S. exports, and sales of arms, equipment, and technology Ex. of Military : missile strikes by manned or unmanned vehicles, nuclear deterrence, ground force deployments, ship and submarine patrols, blockades, unilateral or partnered military exercises, foreign military training, and special operations forces Ex. of Unconventional 2 | P a g e : training and assisting foreign intelligence services, supporting armed nonstate actors, private security contracting, and cyberwarfare What prompted the creation of the National Security Council (NSC)? : Created in 1947 by the National Security Act In light of post-WW2 expansion of American interests and responsibilities, New role on the world stage as a superpower, Responsibility as leader of the "free world" on the bilateral world stage opposite the Communist Soviets/Chinese, As part of the larger reorganization of American intelligence, foreign policy, and military What were the NSCs main objectives? : Principle objective is to help the President forge policies that advance US interests and security objectives. A comprehensive forum for cooperation to develop policies, Meant to provide/create a process that allowed the President to receive a full spectrum of advice and opinion from various departments. How has the NSC's structure evolved over the course of different presidential administrations? : The NSC process varies according to the preferences of the President. It has also varied according to the domestic and international challenges of the day. NSC Under Different Presidents Varies, Who attends NSC meetings, How of