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Linear Model - simplest form of communication. focuses only on the sending and receiving of a message. Useful in emergency situations 1. sender 2. message (verbal and nonverbal) 3. receiver 4. channels of CMCN 5. content Transactional Model - define interpersonal communication as a reciprocal interaction in which the sender and the receiver influence each other's messages and responses as they converse. Employs system concepts systems theory concepts - 1. human system (patient and providers) receives information from the environment (input) internally processes and interprets its meaning (throughput). The result is new information or behavior (output). Feedback loops provide information healthcare system - all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health communication - combination of verbal and nonverbal behaviors integrated for the purpose of sharing information Metacommunication - broad term used to describe all factors that influence how the message is perceived. may be hidden within verbalizations or conveyed as nonverbal gestures and expressions communication style - the manner in which one communicates denotative meaning - generalized meaning of a wordconnotation - personalized meaning of a work or phase Paralanguage - vocalic behaviors that communicate meaning along with verbal behavior 6 verbal styles of communication - 1. moderate pitch and tone in vocalization 2. vary vocalizations 3. encourage involvement 4. validate patient's worth 5. advocates for patient as necessary 6. provide needed information nonverbal communication - communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech. most of our person to person communication 6 nonverbal style of communication - 1. allows therapeutic silences 2. use congruent nonverbal behaviors 3. use facilitative body language (kinetics) 4. use touch appropriately 5. proxemics (respect patient's space) 6. attend to nonverbal body cues body language - nonverbal communication through gestures, facial expressions, behaviors, and posture Proxemics - perception of what is a proper distance to be maintained between one's self and others Communication Accommodation Theory - theory that people will adapt or adjust their speech, vocal patterns, dialect, word choice and gestures to accommodate othersconvergence - adjusting one's speech to our conversational partners to help facilitate interaction, increase acceptance and improve trust and rapport divergence - choice a different style of communication than partner sociocultural factors of communication - 1. culture 2. age cohort and generational diversity 3. gender 4. location culture style factor - communicating in a culturally competent manner age and cohort generational diversity - members of different generations hold differing views regarding work motivation, person values and attitudes toward work; they also have differing communication styles interpersonal competence - develops as the nurse comes to understand the complex cognitive, behavioral, and cultural factors that influence communication