CCHT review exam 2024 questions and and answers

The functional unit of the kidney that does the work - ANSWERS Nephron A nephron is made up of - ANSWERS A glomerulus and a tubule The endrocrine functions of the kidney include - ANSWERS making erythropoietin and the active for of Vitamin D The leading cause of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) for adults in the U.S. - ANSWERS Diabetes Patients with kidney failure often complain of itching, which is likely to be caused by - ANSWERS HyperPhosphatemia Why do kideny patients often have bone disease - ANSWERS Kidneys stop producing calcitriol Symptoms that a patient may need more dialysis time include - ANSWERS Anorexia, fatigue, swelling A semipermeable membrane is a porous barrier that - ANSWERS allows for only certain sized particles to cross Diffusion is movement of particles - ANSWERS from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Negative Pressure is pressure created when - ANSWERS fluid is pulled through a restriction During Dialysis, ultrafiltration occurs when - ANSWERS Water is removed from the blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysate at which point in the extracorporeal circuit is the blood usually under negative pressure - ANSWERS The arterial line section before the blood pump Which of the following will increase the amount of the solutes that will diffuse across the semipermeable membrane - ANSWERS High concentration gradients The components of the dialysate treatment that affect clearance include - ANSWERS Dialysate flow, time of treatment, dialyzer size, blood flow rate Two things that affect the dialyzer's ability to remove wastes from the body include - ANSWERS Surface area and molecular weight cutoff Dialysate is the fluid that helps remove waste products from the body. It contains a number of substances. What might be prescribed for a dialysate solution - ANSWERS Bicarbonate, Sodium, Potassium What is the most important safety monitor during a dialysis treatment - ANSWERS The dialysis technician Dialysate conductivity measures - ANSWERS the total electrical charge of a solution Dialysate that has too much sodium may cause patient injury. Too much sodium or hypernatremia can cause - ANSWERS Headaches, high blood pressure, and shriveling of the red blood cells Dialysate that has too much calcium can cause - ANSWERS Vomiting, confusion, irritability Dialysate that has too little sodium can cause - ANSWERS low blood pressure, cramping, and bursting of Red Blood Cells Things that can affect dailysis adequacy include - ANSWERS time on treatment, Blood and dialysate flow rates, dialyzer clotting normal body temperature taken orally - ANSWERS 98.6 degrees F the instrument used for measuring blood pressure is called - ANSWERS Sphygmomanometer a rapid pulse of 104 beats/min would indicate that the patient has - ANSWERS tachycardia Seizures during dialysis maybe caused by - ANSWERS Electrolyte imbalance, Hypotension, Dialysate composition errors the normal range for a resting pulse rate in an adult is - ANSWERS 60 to 100 beats/min what will cause an increase in venous pressure during Dialysis - ANSWERS venous needle infiltraiton you suspect clotting in the dialyzer. The FIRST action you should take is to - ANSWERS Rinse the dialyzer with normal saline If there is a decrease in the patient's URR or Kt/V, which of the following factors should be looked at? - ANSWERS Increased access recirculation, Diminished dialyzer