veg production auburn university exam 1 All Possible Questions and Answers with complete solution

transpiration: - how a plant breathes water movement into plant via roots nutrients (minerals - N,P, K) Cooling the plant through evaporation All growth occurs from these 3 processes Soil: - sand silt clay organic matter - decomposed plants, microorganisms, and animals Cation Exchange and Soil - Only clay and organic matter particles "stick" stuff to them (adsorbed) Soil pH - measurement of H+ ions Low soil pH - bad Aluminum toxicity Burns roots Must lime to correct low pH Lime = calcium carbonate (tums) - Soil Test - measures amount of nutrients vegetable gardentake 20 samples ( 1 tablespoon) 6-8 inches deep mix in bucket place in box - take to soil lab - how to soil test soil recommendation is good for 3 years - Brassica : Mustard Family - Commonly known as "crucifers" All are hardy, cool season crops Origin: Europe europe - Origin cole crops - cabbage, kale, collards, kohlrabi, cauliflower, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts Glycosinolate compounds: 'mustard oils' - produce the pungent odor that one associates with 'cole' crops, such as cabbage and broccoli hybrid (h2) - very expensive and requires more labor; yield more and weigh more open pollinated - true to seed; save the seeds - 2 choices of seed: Perfect flowers - Well drained Soil pH 5.8 to 6.5 Maintain soil Ca levels at 500lbs/ A (if below add Ca) - Soil Requirements: tillage - crucial for adequate plant growthneed good clean seed-bed Planting dates: Central Alabama - Cabbage and Cauliflower - August 1-31; Jan 1- Feb 15; (tolerate 'hard frost') (1' x 3') Broccoli - Aug 1 - 15 (1.5' x 3') Collards - July 1 - Sept 15 (tolerate 'hard frost') (1' x 3'); spring (seeds): May - June Black-rot: - most serious disease of crucifers in Alabama; effects: cabbage, collard, mustard, turnip, kale; young and mature plants; seedlings turn yellow and die; Wirestem: - rare, but can occur. Cause small stunted, curled, twisted, leaves - no control to correct Alternaria Leafspot - cover spray - copper Diamondback Moth Caterpillar - #1 pest of cabbage and leafy greens worldwide; DBM: can complete it's entire life cycle on the plant; larvae: very active when disturbed. Cold hardy-larvae can live at temps below 50 (cease eating); Control: spray on 7d schedule with insecticides Cabbage Looper - #2 pest; cabbage and leafy greens; inch worm crawl; FRASS - fecal matter; Control - insecticides - can use BT (organic control) Bacillus thuringiensis