POL 373 CH.9 Public Diplomacy Exam Questions and Answers

Public Diplomacy Overview - ANSWER-Public diplomacy is ingrained within the fabric of diplomatic tradition that dates back to ancient times. The fundamental purpose of diplomacy is to maintain friendly relations and overcome estrangement between States. It was feared to disrupt the proper order and balance of diplomatic practice and, e.g. Sir Harold Nicholson argued for a return to private negotiations. Public Diplomacy Overview - ANSWER-The emergence of the Second World War and political propaganda further influenced the term public diplomacy. Even though the term was born from an American heritage, European States had long engaged publics in the conduct of foreign policy. Process of dual dimensions - ANSWER-1.Facing inward and engaging domestic publics in the development of a coherent and credible narrative of national values, culture, institutions and interactions. 2. Projecting outward to engage the outside world in understanding and sharing in that same narrative. •Public diplomacy revived in the new millennium and central to its contemporary agenda is defining the term. Definitions - ANSWER-•No single agreed definition •'an instrument used by States, Associations of States, and some sub-State actors to understand cultures, attitudes and behavior; build and manage relationships; and influence thoughts and mobilize actions to advance their interests and values' (Bruce Gregory 2011:353) Public Diplomacy Today - ANSWER-The audience has changed. Once the audience was primary limited to other diplomats and intelligencia, now the message cannot be confirmed, nor the values expressed in those messages, to a limited audience- new global public sphere and building dimensions of mutuality to increase building relationships Public diplomacy today - ANSWER-No longer exclusively sits with States; relevance beyond state boundaries, e.g. the EU, NGOs, others. More publics are aware of their nation's diplomatic agenda due to the blurred international and domestic policy lines. Public diplomacy's emphasis on values extends beyond the parameters of traditional diplomacy, e.g. the global movement to advance recognition and acceptance of social issues. (contrast then and now).