NURS 209 Practice HESI Questions (IGGY BOOK) Exam Review With Verified Rationales A+

NURS 209 Practice HESI Questions (IGGY BOOK) Exam Review With Verified Rationales A+ Which critically ill client has the greatest risk for developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? A. Client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) B. Client with atrial fibrillation C. Client with aspiration pneumonia D. Client with acute kidney failure - CORRECT ANS-C. Client with aspiration pneumonia Aspiration of acidic gastric contents is a risk for ARDS. Clients with DKA may develop metabolic acidosis, but not ARDS, which develops in lung injury. Atrial fibrillation does not cause lung injury unless embolization occurs. Acute kidney failure results in metabolic acidosis, not in acute lung injury. Which are risk factors that are known to contribute to atherosclerosis-related diseases? (Select all that apply.) A. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of 160 mg/dL B. Smoking C. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]) consumption D. Type 2 diabetes E. Vegetarian diet - CORRECT ANS-A. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of 160 mg/dL B. Smoking D. Type 2 diabetes Having an LDL-C value of less than 100 mg/dL is optimal; 100 to 129 mg/dL is near or less than optimal; with LDL-C 130 to 159 mg/dL (borderline high), the client is advised to modify diet and exercise. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor and should be avoided or terminated, and diabetes is a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. ASA is used as prophylaxis for atherosclerotic disease/coronary artery disease to prevent platelet adhesion. A diet high in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables is desirable to prevent atherosclerosis; vegetarians usually consume fruits, vegetables, and nonanimal sources of protein. Which member of the health care team demonstrates reducing the risk for infection for a client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)? A. The dietary worker hands the disposable meal trays to the LPN assigned to the client. B. The social worker encourages the client to verbalize about stressors at home. C. A member of the housekeeping staff thoroughly cleans and disinfects the hallways near the client's room. D. The health care provider orders vital signs, including temperature, every 8 hours. - CORRECT ANS-A. The dietary worker hands the disposable meal trays to the LPN assigned to the client. The dietary worker giving the meal tray to the LPN limits the number of health care personnel entering the room, thus reducing the risk for infection. Verbalizing stressors does not reduce the risk for infection. Cleaning of bathrooms, not hallways, at least once daily by housekeeping staff reduces risk for infection. Vital signs, including temperature, should be taken every 4 hours to detect potential infection, but this does not reduce the risk for infection. The nurse is instructing an unlicensed health care worker on the care of a client with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) who also has active genital herpes. Which statement by the health care worker indicates effective teaching of Standard Precautions? A. "I need to know my HIV status, so I must get tested before caring for any clients." B. "Putting on a gown and gloves will cover up the itchy sores on my elbows." C. "Washing my hands and putting on a gown and gloves is what I must do before starting care." D. "I will wash my hands before going into the room, and then will put on a gown and gloves only for direct contact with the client's genitals." - CORRECT ANS-C. "Washing my hands and putting on a gown and gloves is what I must do before starting care." Standard Precautions include whatever personal protective equipment (PPE) is necessary for the prevention of transmission of HIV and genital herpes. Knowing HIV status is important for preventing transmission of HIV, but is not a Standard Precaution. Health care workers with weeping dermatitis should not provide direct client care regardless of the use of a gown and gloves. Unlicensed health care workers cannot make the determination of what is required for PPE or Standard Precautions. Which statement made to the nurse by a health care worker assigned to care for a client with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) indicates a breach of confidentiality and requires further education by the nurse? A. "I told family members they need to wash their hands when they enter and leave the room." B. "The other health care worker and I were out in the hallway discussing our concern about getting HIV from our client." C. "Yes, I understand the reasons why I have to wear gloves when I bathe the client." D. "The client's spouse told me she got HIV from a blood transfusion." - CORRECT ANS-B. "The other health care worker and I were out in the hallway discussing our concern about getting HIV from our client." Discussing this client's illness outside of the client's room is a breach of confidentiality and requires further education by the nurse. Instruction on handwashing to family members or friends is not a breach of confidentiality. Understanding the reasons for wearing gloves recognizes Standard Precautions in direct care and is not a breach of confidentiality. Relaying a direct conversation to the nurse is not a breach of confidentiality. When preparing a client newly diagnosed with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and the significant other for discharge, which explanation by the nurse accurately describes proper condom use?... Continues....