NR 503 EPIDEMIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Question 1:
Which of the following study designs is most appropriate for determining the
prevalence of a disease in a population at a specific point in time?
A) Cohort study
B) Case-control study
C) Cross-sectional study
D) Randomized controlled trial
Answer: C) Cross-sectional study
Question 2:
In a cohort study, researchers follow a group of people over time to see if they
develop a specific outcome. What is the primary measure of association used in
cohort studies?
A) Odds ratio
B) Risk ratio
C) Incidence rate
D) Prevalence rate
Answer: B) Risk ratio
Question 3:
What type of bias occurs when participants in a study are systematically
different from those who do not participate?
A) Selection bias
B) Information bias
,C) Confounding bias
D) Recall bias
Answer: A) Selection bias
Question 4:
Which of the following is NOT a component of the epidemiologic triangle?
A) Agent
B) Host
C) Environment
D) Vector
Answer: D) Vector
Question 5:
A case-control study is best suited for studying which of the following?
A) Rare diseases
B) Common diseases
C) Diseases with long latency periods
D) Both A and C
Answer: D) Both A and C
Question 6:
Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate to use when the data are
skewed?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Range
Answer: B) Median
,Question 7:
What is the primary goal of an epidemiologic surveillance system?
A) To determine the cause of disease
B) To monitor the distribution of disease
C) To test the effectiveness of treatments
D) To develop new diagnostic tools
Answer: B) To monitor the distribution of disease
Question 8:
Which term describes the number of new cases of a disease that occur in a
specified period of time in a population at risk for developing the disease?
A) Prevalence
B) Incidence
C) Morbidity
D) Mortality
Answer: B) Incidence
Question 9:
What type of epidemiologic study design involves comparing individuals with a
disease to individuals without the disease to identify potential causes?
A) Cohort study
B) Case-control study
C) Cross-sectional study
D) Ecological study
Answer: B) Case-control study
Question 10:
Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy?
, A) Mammography screening for breast cancer
B) Statin use to lower cholesterol in patients with heart disease
C) Immunization against measles
D) Rehabilitation exercises for stroke patients
Answer: C) Immunization against measles
Question 11:
In a randomized controlled trial, what is the purpose of randomization?
A) To ensure the study is double-blind
B) To reduce selection bias
C) To increase the sample size
D) To ensure equal treatment of all participants
Answer: B) To reduce selection bias
Question 12:
Which statistical test would be most appropriate to compare the means of two
independent groups?
A) Chi-square test
B) Paired t-test
C) Independent t-test
D) ANOVA
Answer: C) Independent t-test
Question 13:
What is a confounder in epidemiologic research?
A) A variable that is controlled for in the study
B) A variable that is an intermediate step in the causal pathway
C) A variable that is associated with both the exposure and the outcome but is not an
Question 1:
Which of the following study designs is most appropriate for determining the
prevalence of a disease in a population at a specific point in time?
A) Cohort study
B) Case-control study
C) Cross-sectional study
D) Randomized controlled trial
Answer: C) Cross-sectional study
Question 2:
In a cohort study, researchers follow a group of people over time to see if they
develop a specific outcome. What is the primary measure of association used in
cohort studies?
A) Odds ratio
B) Risk ratio
C) Incidence rate
D) Prevalence rate
Answer: B) Risk ratio
Question 3:
What type of bias occurs when participants in a study are systematically
different from those who do not participate?
A) Selection bias
B) Information bias
,C) Confounding bias
D) Recall bias
Answer: A) Selection bias
Question 4:
Which of the following is NOT a component of the epidemiologic triangle?
A) Agent
B) Host
C) Environment
D) Vector
Answer: D) Vector
Question 5:
A case-control study is best suited for studying which of the following?
A) Rare diseases
B) Common diseases
C) Diseases with long latency periods
D) Both A and C
Answer: D) Both A and C
Question 6:
Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate to use when the data are
skewed?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Range
Answer: B) Median
,Question 7:
What is the primary goal of an epidemiologic surveillance system?
A) To determine the cause of disease
B) To monitor the distribution of disease
C) To test the effectiveness of treatments
D) To develop new diagnostic tools
Answer: B) To monitor the distribution of disease
Question 8:
Which term describes the number of new cases of a disease that occur in a
specified period of time in a population at risk for developing the disease?
A) Prevalence
B) Incidence
C) Morbidity
D) Mortality
Answer: B) Incidence
Question 9:
What type of epidemiologic study design involves comparing individuals with a
disease to individuals without the disease to identify potential causes?
A) Cohort study
B) Case-control study
C) Cross-sectional study
D) Ecological study
Answer: B) Case-control study
Question 10:
Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy?
, A) Mammography screening for breast cancer
B) Statin use to lower cholesterol in patients with heart disease
C) Immunization against measles
D) Rehabilitation exercises for stroke patients
Answer: C) Immunization against measles
Question 11:
In a randomized controlled trial, what is the purpose of randomization?
A) To ensure the study is double-blind
B) To reduce selection bias
C) To increase the sample size
D) To ensure equal treatment of all participants
Answer: B) To reduce selection bias
Question 12:
Which statistical test would be most appropriate to compare the means of two
independent groups?
A) Chi-square test
B) Paired t-test
C) Independent t-test
D) ANOVA
Answer: C) Independent t-test
Question 13:
What is a confounder in epidemiologic research?
A) A variable that is controlled for in the study
B) A variable that is an intermediate step in the causal pathway
C) A variable that is associated with both the exposure and the outcome but is not an
